1. Agenda  Standard  Cell Organelle Notes  Cell Organelle Campaign

2. Standard  SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.

3. Cell Structures and Function

4. Cell Organelles   TINY MEMBRANE-BOUND STRUCTURES THAT PERFORM SPECIAL FUNCTIONS INSIDE THE CELL

5. Cell Wall  Plant, Fungi, & Bacteria, but not animal cells  Outer layer  Rigid & strong  Made of cellulose  Provide support and protection

6. Cell Membrane  All cells  Double layer of phospholipids with proteins  Selectively permeable  support and protection  Controls movement of materials in/out of cell  Barrier between cell and its environment  Maintains homeostasis

7. Nucleus  All eukaryotes  Large, oval  Holds DNA  Holds DNA  Controls cell activities  Contains the hereditary material of the cell

8. Cytoplasm  All cells  Clear, thick, jellylike material  Contains the cytoskeleton fibers  Supports and protects cell organelles

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum  Eukaryotes  Network of tubes or membranes  Smooth w/o ribosomes  Rough with embedded ribosomes  Carries materials through cell  Aids in making proteins

10. Ribosomes  All cells  Small bodies; can be free or attached to ER  Made of rRNA & protein  Synthesizes proteins

11. Mitochondria  Eukaryotes  Peanut shaped  Peanut shaped  Double membrane  Inner membrane folded into cristae  Breaks down sugar (glucose) molecules to release energy  Site of cellular respiration

12. Vacuole  Plant (large), Animal (small)  Fluid-filled sacs  Largest organelle in plant cells  Store food, water, metabolic & toxic wastes  Store large amounts of food or sugars in plants

13. Lysosomes  Plant (uncommon), Animal (common)  Small and round with a single membrane  Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules  Digests old cell parts

14. Chloroplast  Plant and Algae  Green, oval containing chlorophyll (green pigment)  Uses energy from sun to make food (glucose)  Site of photosynthesis  Release oxygen

15. Nucleolus  Eukaryotes  Found inside the cell's nucleus  Disappears during cell division  Make ribosomes

16. Golgi Apparatus (Body)  Plant and Animal  Stacks of flattened sacs  Modify proteins made by the cells  Package & export proteins and lipids

17. Flagella and Cilia  Some animal cells, prokaryotes  Cilia are short and numerous  Flagella are long, usually only one or two on a cell  Provides movement for the cell  Made of microtubules

18. Centrioles  Animal  Made of microtubules and microfilaments  Strengthen cell & maintains the shape  Moves organelles within the cell

19. Cytoskeleton  All cells  Strengthen cell & maintains the shape  Moves organelles within the cell  Made of microtubules and microfilaments