1. Richer Media for Ambiguity Reduction and Presence in Online Classes Dr. Brian Newberry California State University San Bernardino

2. The Opportunities of Online Education Reaching More Students Extending Learning Beyond Classroom Hours Scheduling Flexibility for Instructor

3. The Challenges of Online Education Meeting Student Needs Meeting Instructor Needs Reduction of Social/Professional Connections Reduction of Unplanned Learning Harder to "Wing It"

4. Media Richness Media Richness Theory - Media can be objectively rated on the ability of that media to transmit both the information, and information about the information and the communicator such as body language, facial expressions etc.

5. Presence The ability of a media to convey the impressions of the communicators to each other. There is some evidence that individuals have the ability to learn to use media that can give a particular medium more power than an objective rating might suggest.

6. Instructional Presence Instructional Presence, the ability of media to support the students' sense of the instructor and the instructor to project themselves into the instructional activity.

7. Some of the “Secrets” Reduction of Ambiguity Rapid, Frequent, Personalized Communication Reduction of Non-Instructional Cognitive Overhead Layering Assistance

8. Task Ambiguity Ratings Ambiguity - meaning equivocal or open to interpretation, having more than one possible meaning. The greater the ambiguity the richer the media generally needed to make an activity work. Convergent - Divergent Procedural - holistic One Person-Team - Multi Person Team

9. Media Choices Synchronous Vs. Asynchronous Number of channels -text, audio, photographs, video Matching Task and Media

10. Media Choices Modern Bulletin Board Blogs Skype

11. Out On a Limb Or: The Pros and Cons to Using Non-University Supported Tools What if it breaks? Students know what other classes use. What if the University Changes Systems?

12. Richer Media for Ambiguity Reduction and Presence in Online Classes Thank You!