1. 2015 ISRID ANNUAL CONFERENCE Language vs. Communication: What’s the Difference? Adan R. Penilla, PHD NIC, NAD IV, CT/CT, SC:L, ASLTA Colorado State Univ.- Adjunct Professor aslworldmatters.com

2. DICHOTOMY OF AN UTTERANCE Communication is older than language. Communication took one path and communication took another. Language has rules and communication has patterns. Point: We harness communication and refined it; we call it language.

3. COMMUNICATION: EVOLUTION Communication is the precursor to language. Communication was the segue for communities to trade, barter, make peace/war, develop communities. Point: Inter intelligibility is a factor to language sustainability.

4. COMMUNICATION: SELF-GOVERNED Communication is self- governed. Communication follows its own rationale based on how people think. Communication is always happening. Point: Communication does not require the rules of language, hence it is self-governed.

5. COMMUNICATION: THE COMPLEXITY Communication is complex but we do not have to understand the complexities to communicate. Point: Our instincts guide communication through culture and self image.

6. STYLES OF COMMUNICATING AND SELF EXPRESSION Passive Communicator - Not communicating how one feels, feelings built up, outbursts. Aggressive Communicator - Expressing ones needs in a manner that is usually violating to other people. Passive Aggressive Communicator - Powerless to disagree and find other avenues: derailment, sabotage, or altering outcome. Assertive Communicator - Express needs/rights without violating the needs and rights of others. There is a respect factor.

7. COMMUNICATION: THE TYPES

9. COMMUNICATION: THE BARRIERS

10. COMMUNICATION: UNDERSTANDABILITY No one wants to be misunderstood. We speak/ sign with the intention of being understood as a minimum requirement. Point: We rephrase, regroup, raise our voices when we are not understood.

12. COMMUNICATION: CLARITY AND CONCISENESS People need to understand the point of our message. We tend to paraphrase before stating a point. Point: Often, our point is implied.

13. COMMUNICATION: ADDED TOOLS Information is exchanged through a common verbiage with added gesture, facial expression, and, behavior. Point: We use internal filters: Cultural appropriateness, political correctness, and impressions.

14. VERBAL COMMUNICATION English must follow rules but does not require a visual to transmit. Point: Spoken languages have more users and has played a more dominant role in civilization.

15. VERTICAL COMMUNICATION Power and turn taking are not shared; they are unevenly divided. Examples: Supervisor/subordinate, doctor/patient, attorney/client, parent/child and the like. Declarative communication is usually used. Point: Turn taking is not necessarily shared. This is professional appropriateness.

16. HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION Power is more equally distributed. Therefore, overlapping may occur. This type of communication occurs with two or more people of equal status, agencies, or organizations. Point: Turn taking is a shared, socially appropriate process.

17. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION Non verbal communication comes in many forms. Non Verbal communication implies information. Gestures, body language, and facial expression are used. Point: This communication guides a great portion of our impressions and expressions.

18. FORMAL COMMUNICATION We tend to re think formal communication as we self doubt and may look for validation. Point: This communication may be professionally, politically, or socially based.

19. INFORMAL COMMUNICATION Informal communication is reserved for those who share equality (peers). Thoughts and dialogue may be fragmented but understood by the other party. Point: Implied information occurs depending on the situation and nature of the relationship.

20. BACK CHANNELING COMMUNICATION Back channeling can come through in body language and gesture. The sender can restructure/rephrase, emphasize, or modify the communication. Point: When BC is absent, it may affect the sender’s message.

21. COMMUNICATION LEVEL TYPES Communication Level V Communication Level IV Communication Level III Communication Level II Communication Level I Face to Face Video Mode Verbal Mode Written Mode Instant Message Media Mode RadioTelevisionTextTelephoneSkype Walkie Talkie EmailMail/FaxFringOvoo

22. META COMMUNICATION This is also called Secondary Communication. What is meant compared to what is said. This information can be subtle or direct. Point: Use secondary communication when the primary is not clear.

23. THE AGE OF LANGUAGE Language Carriers, 75 yrs. Symbiotic Relationship We need Language Language needs us Language Preservation Language is Memorialized Language Evolution Language cannot be stagnant

24. PEOPLE AND LANGUAGE: AN OPEN ROAD People and encounters are an open road. Signs along the way: slow down, change register, mixed company, use other words. Dividing lines: white lines- turn taking, yellow lines- don’t interrupt. Guardrails/Filters: Foreign words, not being understood, cultural violations. Point: People use rules innately; some people are better “drivers/communicators” than others.

25. Thinking Speaking Listening Nonverbal

26. PROXEMICS: THE MEANING OF SPACE Intimate/Personal Space 1.5 Feet Social Space 4 Feet Public Space 12 Feet

27. GESTURE: ALL HANDS ON DECK Gesture accompanies dialogue and language. Some gestures do not need language. Point: Often, we replace language with gesture

28. GESTURES: BEYOND LANGUAGE Regulators: Show of acknowledgement, following along, understanding. Self- Adapters: Touching one’s person while in conversation. Alter- Adapters: Touching others while in conversation. Object- Adapters: Touching objects while in conversation.

29. LANGUAGE: RULES AND RESTRICTIONS Language standardization has rules that must be followed. Context to conversation helps to understand as well. Point: Speaking through a common culture increases intelligibility.

30. LANGUAGE VS. COMMUNICATION: A COMPARISON More resources, more flexibility. It is innate, more natural than language. No turn taking, it overlaps. Communication is constant but we may use filters. A person can exist without communication; this is comatose. Communication Less resources, less flexibility. Language must follow shared rules. Informal language in a formal setting will cause one to seem unconventional. This works in reverse as well. A person can exist without language; this is difficult. Language

31. CONCLUSION Role Play: Gestures without language, is the message more impactful or not? Discussion