1. Review

2. Acids, Bases and Salts HW Vocabulary pH and pOH Calculation pH Practice Problems Ch 20 Practice Problems (13 questions) Aspirin Article Aqueous Acid Base – Titration Lab - Neutralization

3. HCl H 2 SO 4 H 3 PO 4 HNO 3 CH 3 COOH HF Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Phosphoric acid Nitric acid Acetic acid Hydrofluoric acid stomach acid, pickling metal battery acid, # 1 selling chemical food flavoring fertilizer, explosives vinegar etch glass NaOH Ca(OH) 2 NH 4 OH sodium hydroxide calcium hydroxideammonium hydroxide

4. pH scale 0 7 14 acid neutral base [H + ] = [OH - ] Soren Sorenson developed pH scale pOH = -log [OH - ] k W = [H + ] [OH - ] pH = -log [H + ] pH + pOH = 14 (alkalinity) Arnold Beckman invented the pH meter H + + H 2 O H 3 O + protonhydronium ion k w = 1 x 10 -14

5. Concentrated vs. Dilute Concentration: Molarity molality Normality M = mol L m = mol kg H 2 SO 4 2 H 1+ + SO 4 2- 3 M “6 M”

6. Strong / Weak Acid Strong HA H + + A - (~100% dissociation) Weak HA H + + A - (~20% dissociation) K a = [Product] [Reactant] acid dissociation constant KaKa 0.8 H 3 PO 4 3H + + PO 4 3- 0.0021 HF H + + F - H 2 A 2 H + + A - K a = [H + ] 2 [A - ] [H 2 A]

7. Acid + Base Salt + Water How would you make calcium sulfate in the lab? + CaSO 4 ACID Sour taste, litmus red Arrhenius – H + as only ion in water Bronsted-Lowry – proton donor BASE bitter taste, litmus blue Arrhenius – OH - as only ion in water Bronsted-Lowry – proton acceptor H 2 SO 4 Ca(OH) 2 + 2 H 2 O ??

8. phenolphthalein colorless pink acid baseweak strong bromthymol blue yellow blue acid basestrong universal indicator R O Y G B I V pH 4 7 12 litmus paper & pH paper Indicators

9. Buffers - salts of weak acids and weak bases that maintain a pH LeChatelier’s Principle - acidosis & alkalosis (bicarbonate ion acts as buffer) - darkening glasses - egg shells thinner in summer (warm) e.g. Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) vs. Bufferin low pH upsets stomach http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT27dFields-Jeff/AcidBase1.htm

10. Video - Future of the Past Video: The Future of the Past

11. Acid – Base Concentrations pH = 3 pH = 7 pH = 11 OH - H3O+H3O+ H3O+H3O+ H3O+H3O+ [H 3 O + ] = [OH - ] [H 3 O + ] > [OH - ] [H 3 O + ] < [OH - ] acidic solution neutral solution basic solution concentration (moles/L) 10 -14 10 -7 10 -1 Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 332

12. Amino Acids – Functional Groups AmineCarboxylic AcidBase Pair NH 2 1- R- COOH NH 3 NH 2 1- NH 4 1+ amineammoniaammonium ion N H H H : N H H H H : 1+ N H H : 1- : H+H+ lose H +

13. Amino Acids – Functional Groups AmineCarboxylic AcidBase Pair NH 2 1- R- COOH O 2- H+H+ H+H+  ++ http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/sf3x17b.jpg

14. Water – Amphiprotic H2OH2OOH 1- H 3 O 1+ hydroxidewaterhydronium ion N H H H : N H H H H : 1+ N H H : 1- : H+H+ lose H +

15. Water – Also Amphiprotic H2OH2OOH 1- H 3 O 1+ hydroxidewaterhydronium ion H+H+ lose H + Amphiprotic – Act as an acid (proton donor) or base (proton acceptor) O 2- H+H+ H+H+  ++

16. Amino Acids – Functional Groups H2OH2OOH 1- H 3 O 1+ hydroxidewaterhydronium ion H+H+ lose H + Amphiprotic – Act as an acid (proton donor) or base (proton acceptor) O 2- H+H+ H+H+  ++ http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/sf3x17b.jpg

17. Range and Color Changes of Some Common Acid-Base Indicators Indicators pH Scale 1234567891011121314 Methyl orange red 3.1 – 4.4 yellow Methyl red red 4.4 6.2 yellow Bromthymol blue yellow 6.2 7.6 blue Neutral red red 6.8 8.0 yellow Phenolphthalein colorless 8.0 10.0 red colorless beyond 13.0

18. Range and Color Changes of Some Common Acid-Base Indicators Indicators pH Scale 1234567891011121314 Methyl orange red 3.1 – 4.4 yellow Methyl red red 4.4 6.2 yellow Bromthymol blue yellow 6.2 7.6 blue Neutral red red 6.8 8.0 yellow Phenolphthalein colorless 8.0 10.0 red colorless beyond 13.0

19. pH Paper pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 pH Paper pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 pH Paper pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 pH Paper pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

20. Amphoteric

21. Neutralization of Bug Bites Wasp - stings with base (neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar) Red Ant - bites with acid (neutralize with baking soda)

22. Resources - Acids and Bases Objectives WorksheetWorksheet - vocabulary Worksheet Worksheet - pH and pOH calculations Worksheet Worksheet - practice problems (key) Worksheet TextbookTextbook - text ?'s chemical equilibrium Textbook Worksheet - weak acid, pK a Article - aspirin Lab - synthesis of aspirin WorksheetWorksheet - aqueous acids and bases titration Worksheet (general) Outline (general) Outline VideoVideo (VHS) - future of the past Video Outline - abcd Worksheet - efg hijk Worksheet - lmnop Worksheet - qrs tuv Worksheet - wx yz Lab - titration

23. Strength  Strong Acid/Base 100% ionized in water strong electrolyte - + HCl HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 HBr HI HClO 4 NaOH KOH Ca(OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

24. Strength  Weak Acid/Base does not ionize completely weak electrolyte - + HF CH 3 COOH H 3 PO 4 H 2 CO 3 HCN NH 3 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

25. Ionization of Water H 2 O + H 2 O H 3 O + + OH - K w = [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 1.0  10 -14 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

26. Ionization of Water  Find the hydroxide ion concentration of 3.0  10 -2 M HCl. [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 1.0  10 -14 [3.0  10 -2 ][OH - ] = 1.0  10 -14 [OH - ] = 3.3  10 -13 M Acidic or basic? Acidic Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

27. pH = -log[H 3 O + ] pH Scale 0 7 INCREASING ACIDITY NEUTRAL INCREASING BASICITY 14 pouvoir hydrogène (Fr.) “hydrogen power” Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

28. pH Scale pH = -log[H 3 O + ] pOH = -log[OH - ] pH + pOH = 14 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

29. pH Scale  What is the pH of 0.050 M HNO 3 ? pH = -log[H 3 O + ] pH = -log[0.050] pH = 1.3 Acidic or basic? Acidic Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

30. pH Scale  What is the molarity of HBr in a solution that has a pOH of 9.6? pH + pOH = 14 pH + 9.6 = 14 pH = 4.4 Acidic pH = -log[H 3 O + ] 4.4 = -log[H 3 O + ] -4.4 = log[H 3 O + ] [H 3 O + ] = 4.0  10 -5 M HBr Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

31. Resources - Acids and Bases Objectives WorksheetWorksheet - vocabulary Worksheet Worksheet - pH and pOH calculations Worksheet Worksheet - practice problems (key) Worksheet TextbookTextbook - text ?'s chemical equilibrium Textbook Worksheet - weak acid, pK a Article - aspirin Lab - synthesis of aspirin WorksheetWorksheet - aqueous acids and bases titration Worksheet (general) Outline (general) Outline VideoVideo (VHS) - future of the past Video Outline - abcd Worksheet - efg hijk Worksheet - lmnop Worksheet - qrs tuv Worksheet - wx yz Lab - titration

32. Buffers

33. http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT 27dFields-Jeff/AcidBase1.htm Aspirin Article Aspirin Article questions

34. http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT 27dFields-Jeff/AcidBase1.htm Aspirin Synthesis Lab

35. Swimming Pool