1. Bio-wastes – what are they worth ? Eric Evans

2. Why the interest in bio-wastes ? Methanogenesis Landfill ban on Liquids Landfill Tax £82.60 High Fertiliser Costs

3. Fertilizers have many advantages Easy to store and handle Convenient to apply Concentrated form Accurate analysis of nutrients Readily available nutrient form High dependence on energy in manufacturing process leading to high cost. Long term availability

4. Bio-wastes - what can they offer ? Low cost materials Local supplies Additional source of organic matter Sulphur, Magnesium and Trace Elements High sustainability value Slow release of nutrients

5. However – there are drawbacks ! Bulky materials Relatively low nutrient concentrations High handling and spreading costs Narrow application window May require specialist application equipment Slow rate of nutrient release may be a disadvantage Their use is highly regulated by the Environment Agency

6. What is available in our area ? Digestate from Treated Sewage Sludge PAS 100 Green Compost Food Waste Blood Water Cake Non-PAS 100 Green Compost AD Food Digestate Paper Sludge Eggshells

7. Segregated Green Waste Compost Large scale compost production is relatively new to the UK. Previously green waste sent in landfill sites. Currently there are over 150 sites operating in the UK processing nearly 3 million tonnes of green waste annually.

10. Quality Compost This defines Compost as a product rather than a waste Its use in agriculture does not require an exemption from the EA There are 6 PAS 100 accredited Compost Producers in the North East

12. Land Spreading of Non-Hazardous Waste - Non PAS 100 Compost

13. Nutrient Value of Compost Typical Analysis (Fresh weight basis) Dry Matter 50 – 65% pH7.5 – 8.5 OM50 – 60% Nitrogen0.7 – 1.4% Phosphorus0.2 – 0.4% P 2 0 5 Potassium0.4 – 0.6 % K 2 0 Magnesium0.2 – 0.3% Mg0 Sulphur 0.1 – 0.25% S0 3 Calcium 1.3 – 2.0% Recommendation One tonne contains- 8.76 kg N 4.97 kg P 2 0 5 6.9 kg K 2 0 3.82 kg Mg0 and 3.97 kg S0 3 20 t ha Dressing provides 175 kg N(18 kg RA) 99 kg P 2 0 5 (50 kg RA) 138 kg K 2 0(110 kg RA) 76 Kg Mg0(38 kg RA) 79 kg S0 3 (40 kg RA)

15. Paper Sludge

16. Nutrient Value of Paper Sludge Typical Analysis (Dry Matter Basis) Dry Matter 38 – 45% pH 7.5 – 7.9 OM 25 – 30% Nitrogen 0.2 – 0.4% Phosphate 300 – 500 mg/kg Potassium 120 – 200 mg/kg Magnesium 0.2 – 0.3% Sulphur 0.08 – 0.1% Calcium 25- 30% Recommendation One tonne contains - 1.7 kg N 0.9 kg P 2 0 5 0.28 kg K 2 0 and 1.94 kg Mg0 60t ha Dressing provides 102 kg N (5 kg RA) 56 kg P 2 0 5 (28 kg RA) 17 kg K 2 0 (13 kg RA) 116 kg Mg0 (58 kg RA)

17. Water Cake Northumbrian Water have 9 Water Treatment Facilities throughout the Region Drinking water is extracted primarily from rivers and reservoirs Purification is achieved by flocculation of organic and inorganic particles by aluminium and iron compounds

18. Solid Sludge

19. Nutrient Value of Water Cake Typical Analysis (DM Basis) Dry Matter 40 – 60% pH4.0 – 6.8 OM45 – 58% Nitrogen0.6 – 0.9% Phosphorus0.1 – 0.3% P 2 0 5 Potassium300 – 2000 mg/kg Magnesium200 – 1800 mg/kg Calcium 0.1 – 0.5% Recommendation Horsley Treatment Works One tonne contains- 2.1 kg N 0.44 kg P 2 0 5 0.28 kg K 2 0 and 0.11 kg Mg0 100 t ha Dressing provides 210 kg N(42 kg RA) 44 kg P 2 0 5 (22kg RA) 28 kg K 2 0(22 kg RA) 11 Kg Mg0(5 kg RA)

20. AD Digestate Agricultural Plants Waste Plants

21. Biomass Pre- treatment Anaerobic Digestion Post- treatment Biofertiliser Biogas Electricity CHP Heat The Anaerobic Digestion Process

22. Land Spreading of Digestate Definition of WASTE Traditionally manure and slurry are not considered waste when spread directly on land as a fertiliser Energy crops grown for AD are not considered waste Digestate is no longer considered a waste if the only feedstock is manure, slurry or energy crops Off Farm Feedstocks are considered as WASTE EA Deployment PAS 110 Accreditation

23. Liquid Solid Mixture D.M. 20 – 30% D.M. 1 – 3% D.M. 3 -14%

25. Nutritive Value of Digestate ( Food Waste) Typical Analysis (Fresh Wt.) Dry Matter 3 - 4% pH8.2 – 8.5 OM2 – 3% Nitrogen0.3 – 0.5% Phosphorus300-600 mg/kg Potassium1700–3000 mg/kg Magnesium100–250 mg/kg Sulphur 200-600 mg/kg Recommendation One m 3 contains- 4.2 kg N 1.4 kg P 2 0 5 3.65 kg K 2 0, 0.25 kg Mg0, and 3.16 kg S0 3 50 m 3 ha dressing provides 210 kg N(147 kg RA) 70 kg P 2 0 5 (35 kg RA) 183 kg K 2 0(128 kg RA) 13 Kg Mg0(7 kg RA) 158 kg S0 3 (79 kg RA)

26. Nutritive Value of Digestate ( Sewage Sludge Derived) Typical Analysis (Dry Matter basis.) Dry Matter 25 - 30% pH8.2 – 8.8 OM60-70 % Nitrogen5 – 6 % Phosphorus3 - 5% P 2 0 5 Potassium0.2 – 0.4% K 2 0 Magnesium0.1 – 0.3 % Mg0 Sulphur 1.0 –2.0 % S0 3 Recommendation One m 3 contains- 16.95 kg N 13.2 kg P 2 0 5 0.49 kg K 2 0, 0.5 kg Mg0, and 10.0 kg S0 3 14 m 3 ha dressing provides 237 kg N( 166 kg RA) 185 kg P 2 0 5 ( 93 kg RA) 7 kg K 2 0( 5 kg RA) 7 Kg Mg0( 4 kg RA) 140 kg S0 3 ( 70 kg RA)

27. To Recap Waste Type FormRateOMpHNPKMgS Compost Solid20 t ha √ >7 √√√ √ √ Paper Sludge Solid60 t ha √√ > 7 √××√× Water Cake Solid100 t ha √√ < 7 MMM×√ Food Digestate Liquid50 m3 M > 7 √√√ × Sewage Digestate Liquid14 m3 × > 7 √√×××

28. What are their NPK values ? Compost Paper Sludge Water Cake Food Digestate Sewage Digestate £12.00 / t £2.00 / t £6.00 /t £20.00 /t

29. How much do you value Organic Matter ? Sulphur Mg and T.E.

30. Thank you for your attention