1. Focus What property of water is this picture demonstrating and how.

2. Molecules of Life: Functional Groups

3. Molecules of Life— From Structure to Function Only living things make the molecules of life—complex carbohydrates and lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids All of these molecules are organic organic – Type of compound that consists primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms

4. Figure 2.19 A molecular mimic

5. Modeling an Organic Molecule

6. Functional Groups Most molecules of life have at least one functional group functional group A group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound Imparts a specific chemical property such as polarity or acidity

7. Common Functional Groups

8. Building and Breaking Down Condensation reactions build polymers from monomers of simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides Hydrolysis reactions release monomers by breaking apart polymers monomers Molecules that are subunits of polymers polymer Molecule that consists of multiple monomers

9. Condensation Builds a large molecule from smaller ones Enzyme removes –OH group from one molecule and -H atom from another Covalent bond forms between two molecules – water also forms

10. Hydrolysis Splits a large molecule into smaller ones by a water-requiring reaction Enzyme attaches –OH group and -H atom from water at cleavage site