1. The Renaissance in Europe: Or How We Got to Now

2. The Middle Ages in Europe The period of roughly 1000 years Between the fall of the Roman Empire and its great civilization (based in Italy) around 470 CE… …and the Renaissance (based in Italy) around 1450 CE During the Middle Ages, Europe was dominated by the Catholic Church, which was ruled by the Pope, in Rome, Italy. The Middle Ages is also known as the Medieval Period, or sometimes, The Dark Ages

5. The Renaissance Starts in Italy for Two Important Reasons As an independent center of trade, Italy developed a unique political structure, the city state, that empowered and enriched ordinary people (“common man”). Italy’s Roman history, which was in evidence all over the country, reawakened interest in non- Christian (secular) ideas, called “humanism”

6. Major Cities in Afroeurasia in 1200 CE

7. The Medieval Feudal System Lords (noble people) own the land, granted to them by a king Knights defend the lord’s manor (farm) in return for the lord’s support Peasants (“serfs”) work the land for the lords; they belong to the land and to the lord Land and power are inherited Territory/Farming Territory/Farming The Renaissance City-State (“Republic”) Wealthy business men (common people) run the town Citizens hire soldiers to defend their city People work at a variety of trades, for themselves and others; they are free to come and go Power and wealth come from success in trade & business Money/Business

8. Republics (“City States”) A republic is a state in which power is held by the people of that state, not by a king or emperor. Italy gave birth to some of the first republics The Renaissance was born in the republics of Italy

11. The Medici of Florence, Italy The First Renaissance Family The House of Medici was an Italian merchant family that got rich through trading wool cloth. They established the Medici Bank, the largest bank in Europe during the 15th century (1400s). Through their wealth, they gained political power and became the ruling family of Florence, later dominating Rome and then Europe.

12. Cosimo de Medici 1389-1464

13. Piero de Medici 1416-1469

14. Lorenzo, “Il Magnifico” 1449-1492

15. Medici Family House in Town

16. Medici Family House in the Country

17. The Iliad Room in the Country House

18. Tomb of Lorenzo de Medici by Michelangelo

19. The Renaissance Starts in Italy for Two Important Reasons As an independent center of trade, Italy developed a unique political structure, the republic (city state), that empowered and enriched ordinary people (“common man”). Italy’s Roman history, which was in evidence all over the country, reawakened interest in non- Christian (secular) ideas, called “humanism”

20. Roman Forum

21. Roman Aquaduct

22. First Emperor of Rome: Augustus

23. The New Thinking: “Humanism” An shift in interest from the divine (God) to the human PLUS The rediscovery of the art, literature, philosophy and science of ancient (pre- Christian) Rome and Greece

24. Duccio, 1289 Raphael, 1505

25. Lorenzo de Medici A Medieval Greek Politician, Pericles Knight as Christian

26. Lorenzo’s Father Augustus Caesar, as a Roman emperor an actual Roman emperor

27. The “Renaissance Man” Great wealth and new interest in the pre- Christian the art and science of ancient Greece and Rome… Led to wealth families supporting learning and the arts, producing geniuses and innovators with many talents… The Renaissance Man

28. Michelangelo, Painter

29. Michelangelo, sculptor

30. Michelangelo, Architect

31. Michelangelo, Poet

32. Da Vinci, the Artist

33. Da Vinci, the Inventor

34. Da Vinci, Architect

35. Da Vinci, Scientist

36. Rise of European Nations

37. Reaction to the Catholic Church

38. Scientific Revolution

39. The Enlightenment