1. 1.02 The structures of the skeletal system

2. Bone Formation 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 2 Osteocytes= mature bone cells TWO TYPES OF OSTEOCYTES 1.Osteoblasts=osteocytes that form new bones 2.Osteoclasts=osteocytes that break down old or damaged area of the bone

3. Bone formation 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 3 Ossification – Process by which cartilaginous tissue is changed into bone  occurs form infancy through puberty (age 11-13)  also know as osteogenesis

4. Bone formation 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 4 Ossification: Minerals replace previously formed cartilage Infants bones are soft and pliable because of incomplete ossification. (Fontals) As bones ossify, they become hard. Long bones ossify from the center to the ends. Length and width…..

5. Example of ossification 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 5

6. Types of Bones 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 6 There are 206 bones in our body. Long bones Found in the arms and legs The Femur bone is found in your leg, it is the longest and strongest bone in your body.

7. Types of Bones 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 7 Flat bones Thinner bones Flat, curved, or plate like Examples: Skull, ribs, breastbone

8. Types of Bones 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 8 Irregular bones Odd shaped bones needed to connect other bones. Spinal column, hip bones

9. Types of Bones 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 9 Short bones Equal in size width and length Cube like Wrist/ankles

10. Structures of long bones 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 10 Diaphysis : shaft/middle of each long bone compact bone-hard dense bone Yellow bone marrow- fat/emergency cell production Epiphysis: end of each long bone spongy bone-porous like flexible Red bone marrow-red blood cells

11. Structure of the long bones 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 11 Medullary canal- hollow region in the diaphysis. Storage for bone marrow Periosteum-Thick fibrous membrane that goes around and covers the outside of a bone Endosteum-spongy bone is lined with this very similar to periosteum

12. Axial Skeleton 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 12 The axial skeleton is like an axle of a car…… it consists of your skull, spinal column, ribs and sternum

13. Axial Skeleton 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 13 Skull frontal view

14. Axial Skeleton 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 14 Skull lateral view

15. Axial Skelton 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 15 Hyoid Bone it is not attached to any other bones in the body supported by a network of muscles and ligaments directly below the tongue. primary role of it is to support the weight of the tongue. Articulation of words while speaking.

16. Axial Skeleton 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 16 Spinal column Vertebral Structure

17. Axial Skeleton 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 17 Spinal column (vertebrae) Cervical-neck 1-7 Thoracic- chest 1-12 Lumbar- lower back 1-5 Sacrum- butt area 5 Coccyx- tail bone

18. Appendicular Skeleton 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 18 The appendicular skeleton consists of: Shoulder girdle clavicle scapula Arm: humerus radius ulna hand(carpels, metacarpals, and phalanges)

19. Appendicular Skeleton 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 19 Pelvis ilium -hip bone ischium pubis

20. Appendicular Skeleton 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 20 Femur Patella- knee cap free floating Tibia- tall Fibula- flat Foot – tarsals metatarsals phalanges(toes) Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.

21. Joints 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 21 Diarthroses = moveable joints Four types  Ball and socket  Hinge  Pivot  Gliding

22. JOINTS 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 22 Ball and socket  One bone has a ball at one end  The other has a concave socket  Allows for the greatest range of motion  Ex: shoulder, hip

23. JOINTS 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 23 Hinge joint  Move in one direction  Knee, elbow

24. JOINTS 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 24 Pivot joints  Bones that rotate across each other  Fingers  Elbow

25. JOINTS 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 25 Gliding joint  Bones with flat surfaces that slide across each other  Wrist and ankles

26. Joints 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 26 Amphiarthroses  Partially movable joints  Ribs

27. JOINTS 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 27 Synarthroses  Immovable joints  Connected by fibrous connective tissue  Sutures in the skull

28. BURSA AND SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 28 Bursa Fluid-filled sac that contains the synovial membrane Lined by synovial membrane

29. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system 29 Synovial membrane Capsule that encloses a joint Lines the bursa Contains synovial fluid BURSA AND SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE