1. Simple Machines
Group GG

2. Screw
A screw is a simple machine that is made from another simple machine. It is actually an incline plane that wraps around itself, it has ridges and is not smooth like a nail. Screws are used to lower and raise things and they are also used to hold things together.

3. screws

4. Mechanical Advantage Circumference / pitch
Mechanical advantage of a screw can be found by dividing the circumference of the screw by the pitch

5. Example of mechanical advantage
Placing a ruler next to a screw and count 10 threads, the pitch of the screw would be 1/10

6. Compound machine Screw is used

7. A sign…….
A Screw is used in this picture.

8. a compound machine!
And again, a screw is used.

9. Bibliography
( Provided pictures of the simple machine at work in a compound machine)
(Showed all the simple machines and what they are used for)
(Provided a definition of screw)
(found the mechanical advantage of a screw, and also found the example)

10. “Simple Machines” Erika Blauch
The Lever
“Simple Machines”
Erika Blauch

11. Lever
A lever is a simple machine that allows you to move a load around a pivot using a force
It is used to make work easier

12. A lever changes the force
A lever changes the force by allowing the user to shift the weight of the object by using the fulcrum. This makes the object easier to lift and move.

13. First Class Lever
A first class lever is when the fulcrum is located in between the effort and the load.

14. Second Class Lever
A second class lever is when the effort and load are located on the same end, while the fulcrum is located on the other.

15. Third Class Lever
A third class lever is when the load is located on one end and the fulcrum on the other, while the effort is applied in between.

16. Equation to find the ideal mechanical advantage
MA= Resistance
Effort
*Use this if you are given the Amount of resistance and the amount of Effort
Amount of Effort
Amount of resistance
*Use this if you are given the distances from the load and effort to the fulcrum
MA = Effort Arm
Resistance Arm
*Distances are measured from the load or effort to the fulcrum
Effort Arm
Resistance Arm

17. Problem 20m 10m A man wants to lift a heavy rock by using a lever.
MA = Effort Arm
Resistance Arm
20m
10m
Effort
20 m
Resistance
The mechanical advantage is 2
10 m

18. Compound machine (1st class)
A seesaw is a compound machine that contains the lever, screw, and the wheel and axle.

19. Compound machine (2nd Class)
A wheel barrow is a compound machine that contains the lever, and the wheel and axel.

20. Compound machine (3rd Class)
A construction crane is a compound machine that contains wheel and axle and a lever.

21. Bibliography http://www.tpub.com/content/engine/14037/css/14037_15.htm
This site had the moving pictures for first, second, and third class levers.
This site showed how the different types of classes work
This site had the mechanical advantage of the lever

22. Inclined Plane
By Becky Guldin

23. According to Webster… An inclined plane is Main Entry: Function: Date:
noun
Date:
1710
: a plane surface that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon

25. Mechanical Advantage
Mechanical Advantage = Slope/Height

26. Inclined Plane
An inclined plane changes the force by allowing “one to overcome a large resistance by applying a relatively small force.”

27. Inclined Plane Example
What is the mechanical advantage of a plane with an incline of 15 feet and a height of 10 feet?
MA= slope/height
MA=15 ft / 10 ft
MA= 3/2 or 1.5

28. The Johnstown Incline
Inclined Plane
Pulley
Wheel and Axel
Screw

29. A Roller Coaster
Inclined Plane
Screw
Pulley
Wheel and Axel

30. Roller Slide
Inclined Plane
Wheel and Axel

31. Bibliography
Used to find a definition of “inclined plane”
Used for information on an incline’s mechanical advantage
Used to find how an inclined plane changes force
Used for pictures of inclined plane
Used for pictures
**all five sources used

32. Simple Machines Project Dominic DiAngelis
Wheel and Axle
Simple Machines Project
Dominic DiAngelis

33. Definition of a wheel and axle
a simple machine consisting, in its typical form, of a circular object that rotates on/around a smaller circular object. The outer object is known as the wheel, and the smaller inner object serves as the axle. The axle is placed in the center of the wheel in order for the two pieces to act with each other

34. Basic Diagram

35. How it works
Wheels help you move an object across a surface because they cut down on the amount of friction between what you're trying to move and the surface you're pulling it against. Though the entire circumference touches the ground at one point or another the weight is focused on the bottom most portion. Because only a small portion touches the ground the surface area is decreased, therefore also decreasing the amount of friction between the surface and the object.

36. Applications
Wheels and axles are used generally in any situation where an object which would otherwise have too great of friction without the use of wheels to be moved. Wheel and axle applications. range anywhere from simple wagons to $300,000 Ferraris.

37. Mechanical Advantage
The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle can be found by finding the ratio of the wheel’s radius to the axle’s radius.
MA = wheel’s radius ÷ axle’s radius

38. MA diagram MA is = Wheel radius : axle radius
The MA of the wheel and axle in this diagram is 5:1 or 5

39. Ex. problem
If a Ferrari’s axle has a 2.5 in radius and the wheel/tire have a radius of 11in what is the mechanical advantage of the wheel/axle.

40. Answer to ex. problem
Because the wheel has a radius of 11in and the axle has a radius of 2.5in the MA is 4.4

41. Compound machines including wheel and axles.
A wheelbarrow uses three simple machines, a wheel and axle, lever, and inclined plane.

42. Compound machines cont.
This Lamborghini uses every single simple machine. Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, wheel and axle, wedges, and screws.

43. Assembly line rollers
These rollers use wheel and axles, inclined planes, and screws

44. Bibliography
examples and definitions of the simple machines
mechanical advantage of the simple machines
description of the wheel and axle
description of the wheel and axle

45. Physics Project: Simple Machines
Pulleys
Alex Bailor

46. Pulleys
A pulley is simply a grooved wheel that rotates freely within a block of wood.
A pulley has a piece of rope attached to it.
A pulley changes the direction of force in order to gain a mechanical advantage.
A pulley can either be fixed or movable.

47. A fixed pulley does not move with the load being moved.
Fixed Pulleys
A fixed pulley does not move with the load being moved.
It changes a direction of force but it does not create a mechanical advantage.

48. A moveable pulley moves with the load that is being moved.
Moveable Pulleys
A moveable pulley moves with the load that is being moved.
It creates a mechanical advantage but it does not change the force of direction.

49. A block and tackle uses both fixed and moveable pulleys.
It is able to create a mechanical advantage and change the direction of force.

50. If the load is being pulled upwards, count all of the ropes.
Mechanical Advantage
The mechanical advantage of a pulley system is the number of ropes used to move it meaning every time the rope changes direction, count it as a new rope.
If the load is being pulled upwards, count all of the ropes.
If the load is being pulled downwards, subtract one from the total number of ropes.

51. Mechanical Advantage cont.
Example: This pulley system has a mechanical advantage of 6.
7 ropes – 1 rope = 6

52. Mechanical Advantage cont.
The pulley changes the force of direction in order to make the effort less.
For example, if you use two pulleys instead of one, you cut the force required to move the object in half, BUT you double the amount of rope that you need in order to move the object

53. Mechanical Advantage Problem
What is the mechanical advantage of this pulley system?
Answer: 4
Rope starts here

54. This crane uses a pulley, an inclined plane, and a lever.
Compound Machine 1
This crane uses a pulley, an inclined plane, and a lever.

55. This bicycle uses a pulley, wheel and axle, and lever.
Compound Machine 2
This bicycle uses a pulley, wheel and axle, and lever.

56. Compound Machine 3
The Johnstown Inclined Plane uses an inclined plane, a wheel and axle and a pulley.

57. I used all of these websites in my PowerPoint.
Bibliography
This website gives a very in depth explanation of all simple machines. It also explains how to find the mechanical advantage and it goes into the different variations on the pulley. This website also provides pictures.
This website gives a general overview of how a block and tackle works. It also provides pictures.
This website also gives a general overview of a pulley but it also informs the reader on how to find the mechanical advantage of a pulley.
This website gives a very in depth explanation of the history of a pulley. It also explains how to find the mechanical advantage of a pulley.
This website shows how a pulley works and it also explains how to find the mechanical advantage.
I used all of these websites in my PowerPoint.

58. Wedge
Samantha Imler

59. Explanation of a wedge
A wedge is an inclined plane that moves. A knife, axe, razor blade, and teeth are some good examples of wedges.
Instead of moving things a wedge helps you move things apart like a knife or split things like wood.

60. Wedge In this pencil sharpener the wedge is the blade.
It sharpens the pencil to make it able to write with the pencil.

61. Mechanical advantage
The mechanical advantage of a wedge is given by the ratio of its length to its width. Although a short wedge with a wide angle may do a job faster, it requires more force than a long wedge with a narrow angle.
The equation it l/w
For example in the picture to the side L would be 5 inches and t would be 2 inches so the ratio would be 5/2.

62. Compound Machines
The compound machine uses a wedge and screw to put holes into wood or anything else you need to put a hole in.

63. Pencil Sharpener
The pencil sharpener uses the simple machines wedges and levers.

64. Snow blower
This snow blower uses the simple machines wedge and a wheel and axel.

65. Bibliography * * * *
* websites that I did use.