1. Agenda Character representation Numerical Conversions ASCII EBCDIC
Between Upper & Lower Case Characters
From Upper Case Character to Control Character 2

2. Character Representation
Since computers are only designed to interpret binary data, textual information must somehow be converted to binary.
In other words, a binary number is associated with each possible character 3

3. Character Representation
There are two commonly recognized standards for data formats:
EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

4. EBCDIC Characteristics: Used on IBM mini and mainframe computers
8 bit binary code associated with each character

5. ASCII Characteristics:
Used on most “other” computers. System designed from a variety of computer manufacturers
7 bit code associated with each character
Also, an 8 bit code used to provide an additional 128 characters (additional character set - printable & nonprintable characters)

6. ASCII & EBCDIC Tables
We can represent various representation of characters by either standard by referring to tables.
Note that tables are organized as hexadecimal numbers for reference
Check my website for ASCII and EBCDIC Tables

7. Numerical Conversions (ASCII)
To convert uppercase character to lowercase character:
add to uppercase character or
add to uppercase character
subtract to lowercase character or
subtract to lowercase character 4

8. Uppercase Letter to Control Character
To convert uppercase character to corresponding control character
add to uppercase character or
add to uppercase character 5