1. HINARI/Basic Internet Concepts (module 1.1)

2. Instructions - This part of the:  course is a PowerPoint demonstration intended to introduce you to Basic Internet Concepts.  module is off-line and is intended as an information resource for reference use. MODULE 1.1 Basic Internet Concepts

3. Topics  Background – HINARI, AGORA, OARE  Basic Internet Concepts  Structure of the Internet  Common Internet Protocols  Technical Requirements for HINARI

4. Objectives of HINARI-AGORA-OARE To connect developing world researchers with the international scientific community To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and improve the quality of locally produced journals Ultimately – improve health, food security and environment in relation to MDG of 2015

5. HINARI (Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative) Online portal to publishers Coordinated by WHO/Yale University, USA Free/Low cost to 113 countries Over 5000 journals / 120 publishers Medicine and health 2903 institutions Data: 06 2008

6. Research AGORA (Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture) Online portal to publishers Coordinated by FAO/Cornell University, USA Free/Low cost to 113 countries 913 journals / 40 publishers Agriculture and related sciences 1042 institutions Data: 06 2008

7. OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment) Online portal to access environmental information Coordinated by UNEP/Yale University Free/Low cost to 108 countries Over 1300 journals / 340 publishers and scholarly societies Environment and related sciences 900 institutions Data: 06 2008

8. HINARI-AGORA-OARE Eligibility Free (Band 1): 72 countries with GNI per capita of <$1250 $1000/yr (Band 2): 36 Countries/territories with GNI per capita of $1250-3500 Eligibility is based on GNI per capita figures as reported by the World Bank

9. Primary Target Audiences Research and teaching universities National research organizations, government offices and ministries Publicly funded and not-for-profit agencies

10. What is the Internet? Publicly accessible network of interconnected computers which communicate via software protocol standards Easily accessed (via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite) Expanding global infrastructure; is pan-national (no central control) Regarding information delivery, the most significant change since the development of the printing press in the 15 th century!

11. Internet Growth Exponential growth for the last few years The Web Server market has grown from 120,000 units in 1995 to 45 million in 2003 In 1993, 90,000 people used the Internet; in 2002, 600 million people used the Internet; in 2007, over 1 billion people will use the Internet Hardware costs are decreasing year on year Over the next 10 years electronic commerce will boom, reaching $100s of billions by the year 2010

12. Internet Growth

13. Server/Client Interface SERVERS CLIENTS Hardware + Software Software Protocols

14. Internet Architecture Give me file x Here it is Desktop computer - “client” Computer on the Internet holding information - remote “server”

15. Internet Services The World-Wide Web (Multimedia Information Services) Search tools (via the World-Wide Web) Communication (E-mail) Retrieval/information transfer (FTP)

16. The World-Wide Web WWW, web, W3, World-Wide Web Often what people mean by the Internet Based on hypertext - the ability to link text and documents dynamically and interactively Uses hypertext markup language - HTML The WWW is a global standard Can use text, graphics, sound and video Anyone can link to and make use of the web

17. Delivery: Dial Up Connection Speed of connection –Quality of telephone line –modem speed: usually 56 kilobytes per second –ISP services Client Computer With Modem ISP Server Internet Phone Line International Gateway Link DIAL-UP CONNECTION Speed of line Quality of line

18. Delivery: Full-time Connection Speed of connection –LAN Server speed, –Bandwidth (64k,128k, 256k, 1Mb) –Mode of link (radio, leased line, satellite) Internet Leased Line Permanent Connection FULL – TIME CONNECTION Speed of line Quality of line Local Area Network LAN Server

19. Access Speed Issues Cables vary in speed and amount of information they can carry Sometimes cables are slow in carrying information or lose the signal, especially if: –information must cross long distances –too much traffic on the cable –cable capacity, or bandwidth, is low

20. Web Browser Browser is the software that is used to view the Web Standard browser features –scrolling, back, forward, stop, home, refresh Navigation - in built features –back, forward, home, go to, yes, no Search on a single web page Multiple Web browser windows

21. Browser Customization Toolbar options Link to a specific homepage Using the right click mouse button Using favorites or bookmarks –Adding –Organizing –Editing

22. Internet Requirements for HINARI 56 kbps modem, local area network (LAN), or cable connection required. A hard-wired full-time Internet connection (T1 or better) enables the fastest downloads. Satellite or network connections, though slower, are also adequate. Web Browser - Internet Explorer version 4.0 or higher OR Netscape version 6 or higher OR Mozilla Firefox 1.0 or higher

23. Adobe Acrobat for PDFs You will need an Adobe Acrobat Reader to view journal articles in PDF (Portable Document Format). Adobe Acrobat Reader can be downloaded for FREE from the Adobe web site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html

24. This page contains the link to download option for Adobe Reader version 8.1.2 This is viewed using the Mozilla Firefox web browser.

25. The Internet Address or URL This page is being viewed in the Internet Explorer Browser. Browsers allow computers to read Hyper Text Mark-up Language OR HTML. The Address or URL is typed in here.

26. Entering a URL address in the address box After entering a URL address in the address box click Go or hit the RETURN key. In this example we have entered http://www.who.int for the WHO website

27. Hypertext links Links to other pages are usually underlined or in another colour of text.

28. Forward and back navigation buttons The arrow buttons on the tool bar allow users to move Back and Forward to pages within the website.

29. Home page button The House icon on the tool bar will take you back to the browser’s default Home Page.

30. This is the end of Module 1 This is the end of Module 1.1 There is a Work Book to accompany this part of the module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples. Updated 02 2008