1. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Ch. 5.3

2. People Move to New Industrial Cities ► Urbanization  Population grew, increase demand for workers led to the movement of people to cities  Cities grew around coal/iron mines and factories ► Pop. of Manchester in 1750’s, 17,000 ► Pop. of Manchester in 1801’s, 70,000

3. New Social Class Emerge ► Industrial Middle Class  Created two new classes of people ► Middle class of entrepreneurs whose lifestyles were fairly comfortable  Came from a variety of backgrounds “rags to riches”  Benefited the most from the I.R. ► Industrial working class, who packed into tenements without running water or sanitation systems  Struggled to survive (no sanitation, running water, etc.)  Many lived in tenements-multi story buildings divided into apartments

5. New Social Class Emerge cont. ► Workers Stage protests  Labor unions were illegal ► Some workers staged riots in the early 1800s in protest of poor pay or working conditions  Had little political power to effect change ► Some protests led to violence ► Workers find comfort in religion  Methodism (John Wesley) focused on forgiveness of sin, personal sense of faith, & the promise of a better life. ► Many found solace in its promise

6. Life in the Factories and Mines ► Workers Faced Harsh Conditions  Rigid schedules  long hours (12-16hrs, 6-7 days per week)  limited breaks  Suffered accidents (no safety devices)  Workers who were injured or sick lost their jobs

7. Life in the Factories and Mines cont. ► Women  Employers preferred women to men ► Paid less ► Easier to control ► Better able to adapt to machinery  Many returned to crowded tenements w/ a full day of house work to do (cook, clean, etc).

8. Life in the Factories and Mines cont. ► Miners faced Worse Conditions  Low pay  Worked in darkness  Coal dust destroyed lungs  Dangers of explosions, flooding, & collapsing tunnels

9. Life in the Factories and Mines cont. ► Children  Factories & Mines hired many children  Started working at ages 7-8 (early as age 5)  Nimble fingers and quickness helped with changing spools in machinery and small coal tunnels ► Endured dust, dark caverns, stunted growth, injuries and even death  1800’s “factory Acts” were passed to reduce hours & raise the minimum age for work