1. INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION SOCIETY M. Gams Institut Jožef Stefan Ljubljana University

2. Intelligent systems ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN. SOCIETY

3. Major AI applications 30 Manufacturing and design 30 Business operations 25 Finance 12 Diagnostics and troubleshooting 12 Claims processing and auditing 11 Telephony 26 SW, military, space …

4. Plan Intelligent systems, agents Artificial intelligence Information society Internet,telecommunications HTML, XML, JavaScript, Java, tools Speech, communications, multimedia Practical – getting good jobs

5. Artificial intelligence Strong – formal well-defined tasks, chess, Church-Turing thesis, academically cognitive - weak the brains are the only truly intelligent system; evolution Engineering, invisible real-life systems, function (money) over fancy ideas; classical versus intelligent modern systems

6. Relations between AI’s

7. Intelligent systems Engineering, invisible intelligence Practical directions, real-life problems Verified AI methods: rule-based systems, trees, expert systems, fuzzy systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, hybrid systems Intelligent systems simulate human bureaucrats, expert systems simulate experts

8. Motivation I Society /human civilization is evolving into information society: electronic village, informatization, infosphere, electronic services People are expensive, computers cheap: computers work 24 hours a day, no vacations, network accessibility is worldwide, only 3% microprocessors in computers, an average car 16 microprocessors, exponential trend (faster, cheaper, more applications) Intelligent systems are more friendly, more flexible than classical systems (not truly intelligent, just a bit more than classical)

9. Motivation II - productivity Productivity increases – more work done with the same stuff or the same with less stuff New services – simple reasoning, learning, adaptation to each single user (on top of faster calculating, fast response time), never frustrated, more constant performance, Improved quality of work Dumb/rigid classical programs, computers / boring, humans non-constant performers Cost/benefit favorable for I.s. for some tasks - too difficult for classical, not too intelligent

10. Motivation III - benefits General trends – globalization, decreasing governmental spending, employment costs Introduction of I.s. enables restructuring – new functionality, new regulation; e- government = government over the Internet hard competition- for each workplace, everybody is evaluated constantly, many candidates for important good jobs Science, development, technology – additional advantage

11. Motivation IV - bureaucracy Specificity of bureaucratic tasks (information tasks) – good and bad: great number of users, repeating tasks, simple tasks, simple structure of tasks, low level of intelligence needed for typical tasks, mostly predefined Tasks still demand a certain level of understanding, flexibility and reasoning capabilities

12. Motivation V – typical tasks Small improvement – huge benefits US Internal Revenue Service (15 mio letters each year, after introduction of intelligent systems – no. of mistakes/errors from 33% to 10%; elections More user friendly – better ratings Internet is very appropriate for I.s. – always available, everywhere, …

13. Conclusion Intelligent systems apply AI methods and introduce intelligent services I.s. combine advantages of computer systems (cost, availability) with some human properties (simple engineering intelligence – learning, adapting, reasoning), and achieve better cost/benefit for several tasks Especially appropriate for mundane bureaucratic tasks in information society