3. How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the Italian Renaissance? Humanism Celebrated the individual Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture Was supported by wealthy patrons

4. Humanism Movement away from life centered on the Catholic church and religion Focuses more on material objects, enjoying life, and other worldly subjects

5. Erasmus Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible “I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated... As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it” The Praise of Folly Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy. He felt people would be open minded and be kind to others.

6. Erasmus Spoke out against corruption of Catholic Church during the Renaissance Worked to spread the use of common languages in religious and scholarly works.

7. Petrarch Sonnets, humanist scholarship Francesco Petrarch 1304-1374 Assembled Greek and Roman writings. Wrote Sonnets to Laura, love poems in the Vernacular

8. Petrarch Francesco Petrarch 1304- 1374 Considered “Father of Humanism” His research on Greek and Roman books inspired others to read these books

9. The Renaissance was a time of renewal Renaissance means rebirth and Europe was recovering from the Dark ages ideas from Greece and Rome. People had lost their faith in the church because of the tragedy of the Black Plague and began to put more focus on human beings.

10. One cause of the Renaissance Black Plague The tragedy of the Black Plague convinced people of the need to focus on worldly pursuits rather than religious ideas

11. Another Cause of the Renaissance Invention of the Printing press spreading ideas from Greek and Roman books

12. Printing Press Invented by Jahann Gutenberg

13. Printing Press First book ever created by printing press - Bible

14. Printing Press Invented in 1452 500 th Anniversary 1952

15. Printing Press Helped to quickly spread ideas of the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation

16. Note 6 - Ideas of the Renaissance Greek ideas about art, philosophy, and science. Roman ideas about government, construction, and art.

17. Classicism Greco-Roman influence. Secularism. Humanism. Individualism  free standing figures. Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)

18. Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! Perspective! Perspective! The Trinity Masaccio 1427 What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

19. Note 7 - Focus of the Renaissance Life on Earth, improving life and society on earth Fascination with Greek and Roman art, literature and ideas

20. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427 First nudes since classical times.

21. Emphasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

22. Major Italian Cities. 1.Many independent city-states emerged in northern and central Italy that played an important role in Italian politics and art. Milan Venice Florence Genoa 2. Similar to Greek city-states, Italian city-states were independent but were governed as republics

23. Major Italian CitiesMilan Venice Florence Genoa Northern Italian cities: 1.Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets 2.Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe

24. Major Italian CitiesMilan Venice Florence Milan One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps. Venice Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world. Genoa Had Access to Trade Routes

25. Florence = Renaissance The Wool Factory by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570 The Wool Factory by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570 1252 – first gold florins minted 1252 – first gold florins minted Florentine lion: symbol of St. Mark Florentine lion: symbol of St. Mark

27. Note 8 – Medici Family and Florence Wealthy Italians – Medici family Bankers / Merchants Supported the arts by paying for statues, buildings, murals, and paintings Most important/richest people in Italy and in Florence

28. Lorenzo the Magnificent 1478 - 1521 Cosimo de Medici 1517 - 1574

29. Florence Under the Medici Medici Chapel Medici Chapel The Medici Palace

30. Major Italian CitiesMilan Venice Florence Note 9 - Florence from Florence flowed Renaissance ideas and art styles that were copied by other Italian city- states and the rest of Europe Genoa

31. Niccolò Machiavelli The Prince Machiavelli believed: “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit” Machiavelli observed city- state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule.

32. Note 10 - Political Ideas of the Renaissance Niccolò Machiavelli The Prince He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience.

33. Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making Ruler keeps power by any means necessary The end justifies the means Be good when possible, and evil when necessary

34. The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular. Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

35. Note 11 – Reflected ideas of Humanism Painted and wrote about individuals Painted Ancient Greek and Roman Gods

36. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects Giorgio Vasari 1550

37. Note 12 – Medieval Art vs. Renaissance Art Medieval Art Focus on religious themes Flat 2 dimensional / symbolic Purpose to glorify God Renaissance Art Imitated Greek/Roman Art Use of perspective / realistic Purpose to glorify humanity

38. Dante Famous works – Divine Comedy and Inferno Example of Medieval literature themes such as the After life/heaven & hell or religious ideas Medieval Literature

39. Note 13 – Medieval Literature Vs. Renaissance Literature Medieval Literature Dante Focus on God and religious subjects Purpose religious understanding of God’s will Renaissance Literature Focus on worldly subjects Purpose understand humanity

40. Renaissance Artists embraced some of the ideals of Greece and Rome in their art They wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion New Techniques also emerged Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became popular because it gave depth to the paintings Sculpture emphasized realism and the human form Architecture reached new heights of design

41. Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the most inspired men who ever lived

42. David Michelangelo created his masterpiece David in 1504.

43. Sistine Chapel About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

44. Creation of Eve Creation of Adam Separation of Light and Darkness The Last Judgment

45. La Pieta 1499 Marble Sculpture

46. Moses

47. Note 14 – Michelangelo Considered one of the greatest Renaissance artists Most famous works – David & painted ceiling of the Sistene Chapel

48. 1452-1519 Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer Genius!

49. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512 1452 - 1519 Artist Sculptor Architect Scientist Engineer Inventor

50. Mona Lisa

51. Leonardo, the Sculptor An Equestrian Statue 1516-1518

52. Leonardo, the Architect: Pages from his Notebook Study of a central church. 1488

53. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology): Pages from his Notebook An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

54. Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Notebook

55. Da Vinci’s Flying Machine

56. A study of siege defenses. Studies of water-lifting devices. Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook

57. The Renaissance “Man” Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

58. Note 15 – because of his achievements in many fields Da Vinci was considered a Renaissance Man