2. The Middle Ages – c. 814

3. Middle Ages Era 481 CE – First Catholic King Clovis unites the Franks – forms Frankish Kingdom in Gaul – establishes the Merovingian Dynasty 481 CE – First Catholic King Clovis unites the Franks – forms Frankish Kingdom in Gaul – establishes the Merovingian Dynasty 6 th century CE – Pope Gregory the Great implements chant as the standard form of church music – calls it plainchant (later called Gregorian Chant) 6 th century CE – Pope Gregory the Great implements chant as the standard form of church music – calls it plainchant (later called Gregorian Chant) 600 – 1050 CE – Period called the Early Middle Ages 600 – 1050 CE – Period called the Early Middle Ages 750 CE – The first English Epic poem – Beowulf – is written 750 CE – The first English Epic poem – Beowulf – is written 750 CE – Irish monks produce the Book of Kells 750 CE – Irish monks produce the Book of Kells

4. Middle Ages Era 800 CE – Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope on Christmas Day – start of Holy Roman Empire 800 CE – Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope on Christmas Day – start of Holy Roman Empire 871 CE – Alfred the Great unifies England and writes first code of laws for English people 871 CE – Alfred the Great unifies England and writes first code of laws for English people 11 th century CE – Song of Roland is written in France – one of earliest French written poems – national epic of France 11 th century CE – Song of Roland is written in France – one of earliest French written poems – national epic of France 1050 – 1200 CE – Medieval Era also called Romanesque Era in Art History 1050 – 1200 CE – Medieval Era also called Romanesque Era in Art History

5. Romanesque Era 11 th – 14 th century CE – Troubadours appear in Provence (southern France) and spread through Europe – singing songs and telling stories of epic romances and chivalry (Holy Grail, etc) 11 th – 14 th century CE – Troubadours appear in Provence (southern France) and spread through Europe – singing songs and telling stories of epic romances and chivalry (Holy Grail, etc) 1066 CE – William the Conqueror invades and conquers England from Normandy (France) 1066 CE – William the Conqueror invades and conquers England from Normandy (France) 1079 CE – Scholasticism develops as new form of philosophy combining Aristotle with Medieval thought 1079 CE – Scholasticism develops as new form of philosophy combining Aristotle with Medieval thought 12 th century CE – pilgrimage routes are established throughout Europe and the Holy Land for people to visit Holy sights and relics 12 th century CE – pilgrimage routes are established throughout Europe and the Holy Land for people to visit Holy sights and relics

6. Middle Ages Art Characteristics Decayed style Decayed style Faulty proportions (arms, legs, head too large) Faulty proportions (arms, legs, head too large) Focus on symbol not style Focus on symbol not style Focus on the power of the Church Focus on the power of the Church Religious themes (mainly Christian) Religious themes (mainly Christian)

7. Barbarian Art

8. Frankish (Merovingian) Looped Fibula France 6th - 7th Centuries silver gilt worked in filigree with inlays of garnets and other stones 4 in. long Merovingian art is a combination of French and German styles

9. Briton/Dane Art Purse Cover Purse Cover 7 th century CE 7 th century CE Sutton Hoo, England Sutton Hoo, England Animal pattern Animal pattern Man with animals on either side and birds in middle Man with animals on either side and birds in middle Ivory background with garnet, gold and enamel Ivory background with garnet, gold and enamel

10. Sutton Hoo Ship Burial and Artifacts

11. Burial Ship Oseberg, Norway ca. 825 wood 75 1/2 ft. long Viking rulers were usually buried in their ships

12. Animal-Head Post Oseberg, Norway ca. 825 wood approximately 5 in. high Intricate woodwork is typical of Norse art

13. Cross and Carpet page Lindisfarne Gospels Northumbria, England ca. 698 - 721 tempera on vellum 13 1/2 x 9 1/4 in. Artist: Eadfrith Interwining so intricate almost impossible to tell that some of the shapes are animals Sort of a sacred riddle

14. Chi-rho-iota page Iona, Scotland 800 CE From the Book of Kells Created on Scottish island by Irish monks Considered the masterpiece of illuminated manuscripts

15. High Cross of Muiredach (east side) Monasterboice, Ireland ca. 923 16 ft. high Typical of Celtic weaving

16. Middle Ages Art Interior of Palace Chapel Interior of Palace Chapel 792 – 805 CE 792 – 805 CE Aachen, Germany Aachen, Germany Artist: Odo of Metz Artist: Odo of Metz Palace of Charlemagne Palace of Charlemagne Built on plans of Constantine’s Lateran Basilica to show Charlemagne’s power and attachment to Rome Built on plans of Constantine’s Lateran Basilica to show Charlemagne’s power and attachment to Rome

17. Palace Chapel of Charlemagne

18. Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne(?) from Metz, France early 9th century bronze, originally gilt 9 1/2 in. high Gold has worn off

19. St. Matthew Coronation Gospels Aachen, Germany ca. 800-810 ink and tempera on vellum 12 3/4 x 10 in. This Bible was made to commemorate His coronation as Holy Roman Emperor

20. Saint Matthew Ebbo Gospels Hautvillers, France ca. 816 - 835 ink and tempera on vellum 10 1/4 x 8 3/4 in. Almost modern art like

21. Psalm 44 of the Utrecht Psalter Hautvillers, France (near Reims) ca. 820 - 835 ink on vellum 1 ft. 1 in. x 9 7/8 in. Hautvillers was the most prolific scriptorium in Europe

22. Middle Ages Art Abbey Church of St. Riquier Abbey Church of St. Riquier 799 CE 799 CE St. Riquier, France St. Riquier, France Artist: Abbot Angilbert Artist: Abbot Angilbert Part of Monastery of Centula Part of Monastery of Centula 3 major buildings in monastery were all connected by a covered walkway 3 major buildings in monastery were all connected by a covered walkway

23. Middle Ages Art Plan of a monastery

24. Middle Ages Art Front Cover from Lindau Gospels Front Cover from Lindau Gospels 870 CE 870 CE Lindau, Germany Lindau, Germany Also made at Reims scriptorium Also made at Reims scriptorium Gold work with encrusted jewels Gold work with encrusted jewels Masterpiece of gold work Masterpiece of gold work

25. Torhalle (gatehouse) Lorsch, Germany 9th century Typical Carolingian style architecture

27. Abbey Church of St. Michael’s Hildesheim, Germany ca. 1001-1031 Interior is considered masterpiece of Ottonian Art

28. Abbey Church of St. Michael’s Hildesheim, Germany ca. 1001-1031

30. Gero Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero Cologne Cathedral, Germany ca. 970 painted wood 6 ft. 2 in. high Considered early middle ages sculptural masterpiece