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Review Exam #3 Engine Components
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Stroke The distance swept by a piston as it goes from BDC to TDC or from TDC to BDC.
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Throw is one half (1/2) the stroke
Stroke vs Throw Throw is one half (1/2) the stroke
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Intake Compression Power Exhaust
Four Strokes Intake Compression Power Exhaust
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Basic Engine Components
Engine Block Crankshaft Pistons Connecting Rods Camshaft(s) Intake and Exhaust Valves
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Configuration The design of the engine block which describes how the cylinders are arranged
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Engine Size / Displacement
The combined swept volume of all of the cylinders Displacement = x D2 x Stroke x (# of cylinders) Example: Bore (D) = 4 in Stroke = 3 in # of cylinders = 8 Displacement = x 42 x 3 x 8 = in3
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Repair Manual Research / Use
Briggs & Stratton Single Cylinder “L” Head Repair Manual
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Ignition / Spark Test Set Gap to .030 inches
Ensure spark tester is clipped to a good ground on engine block or cylinder head
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Compression Test At least three to four pulls of starter cord
Hand tighten into spark plug hole
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Cylinder Compression Leaks
Four common locations: Intake Valve Exhaust Valve Cylinder Head Gasket Piston Compression Ring(s)
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Combustion Byproducts
CH4 + O CO2 + 2H2O + Heat + + CO + HC + NOX = Good = Not so Good
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Must go through an Air Filter before entering the intake manifold
Air Intake Must go through an Air Filter before entering the intake manifold
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Gaskets A mechanical seal which fills the space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects while under compression. Gaskets allow "less-than-perfect" mating surfaces on machine parts where they can fill irregularities
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Flywheel Stores Energy by using inertia/momentum to offset the three non-power producing strokes of the four stroke engine. A larger/heavier flywheel takes more energy to get it rotating up to speed, but it will store more energy and allow for a smoother ride than a lighter flywheel.
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Energy Conversion The Chemical Energy released from bonds breaking in the gasoline is converted (changed) into mechanical energy of the piston traveling down and thermal energy (heat) Mechanical Energy = 30% Thermal Energy = 70% (half of which goes out exhaust pipe and the other half is absorbed by the engine block /cylinder heads / coolant}
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Diameters Outside Inside
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Vernier Caliper Toggle between inches, fraction of inches, and mm
Zeroize Depth Measurement
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Springs Compression Tension
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Crankshaft Types Cast - pouring liquid metal into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowing it to cool and solidify. Forged - manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces Billet – originates as a cast or forged block that must be fully machined to take on its shape. Given the same type of steel (e.g. 4340, 1020, etc) forging will be stronger than casting. Billet has the capability of being stronger than a forged crankshaft.
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Crankshaft Measurements
Connecting Rod Journals are same as Crankpin Journals
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Driven Gear Teeth / Drive Gear Teeth
Gear Ratios Driven Gear Teeth / Drive Gear Teeth Example is 75/25 or 3:1 In a four stroke engine, the cam to crank gear ratio is 2:1
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Stem Tip Face or Seat Margin
Valves Stem Tip Face or Seat Margin Tappet
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Engine Tools Spring Compressor Valve Lap Tool
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