1. Napoleon Forges an Empire & Napoleon’s Empire Collapses 

2. Hero of the Hour  Oct 1795  Defends National Convention from rebels  “savior of the French republic”  Victorious against Austria & Kingdom of Sardinia  Loses against Egypt but…keeps it out of the papers

3. Coup D’etat  Nov 1799  Troops surround national legislature – drive out most members  Remaining members vote to dissolve Directory  Three consuls take their place – Napoleon takes title of First Consul & assumes power of dictator  Brits, Austria, Russia join together to force Napoleon from power…sign treaties  1802: Europe at peace for 1 st time in ten years thanks to NAPOLEON!

4. Restoring Order at Home  Keeps changes from the Revolution – supports laws that strengthen central govt.  1 st step: efficient tax collection & national banking system (better financial management = better economy)  2 nd step: end corruption & inefficiency in govt: Dismisses corrupt officials Starts lycees (govt. run public schools) Graduates appointed to public office on basis of merit vs family connection

5. Restoring Order at Home (con’t)  Concordat with Pope establishes new relationship with Church  Govt. recognized Church influence but rejects Church control in national affairs  Napoleonic Code: uniform set of laws that eliminates many injustices  Actually limits free speech & press and restores slavery in Caribbean

6. Napoleon Crowned Emperor  Dec 2, 1804 Notre Dame  Pope waits for him with crown  Takes it from the pope & crowns himself  Signals he’s more powerful than the Church

7. New World Territories  1801: Saint Dominique revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouverture  1803: sells LA territory to TJ for $15 million  2 major benefits Gains $ to finance operations in Europe Punish the British

8. Conquering Europe  Annexed Austrian Netherland, parts of Italy & puppet govt. in Switzerland  Brits get Russia, Austria & Sweden to help against him  Crushes them – other armies never able to predict his new move and suffered heavy losses  Austria, Russia, Prussia sign peace treaties  Helps Napoleon built BIGGEST EMPIRE SINCE ROMAN EMPIRE!  Only remaining enemy: British (great naval power!)

9. Battle of Trafalgar  One & only defeat  1805 off coast of Spain  Brits led by Horatio Nelson  Two major results: Ensured supremacy of Brit navy for 100+ years Forces Napoleon to give up hopes of invading Britain

10. The French Empire  1812: only area free was Britain, Portugal, Sweden & Ottoman Empire  Napoleon controls French Empire & “independent” countries  Spain, Warsaw, German Kingdoms – rulers mostly family members  Huge empire but unstable  Only able to maintain huge size from 1807-1812

11. Continental System  Blockade to prevent all trade & communication between Brits and continental Europe  Smugglers ignore, allies ignore  Weakens Brit trade but doesn’t destroy  Brits stop neutral ships, force them to Brit port for search & tax…leds to War of 1812

12. Peninsula War (1808)  Sends troops through Spain to Portugal  Removes Spanish king puts brother on throne  Spanish guerrillas & nationalism hit Napoleon’s men hard (300,000 men lost)  Feel abused by foreign conqueror…want to retake their lands!

13. Invasion of Russia (1812)  Russian czar refuses to stop selling grain to Brits  Napoleon decides to invade with 420,000 soldiers  Alexander I pulls back his troops and burn grain fields and slaughter livestock “scorched earth policy”  Dec: remaining troops straggle out of Russia (10,000)

14. Coalition Defeats Napoleon  Brits, Russia, Prussia, Sweden & Austria all against him  Jan 1814 – army marching steadily towards Paris  Napoleon’s generals refuse to fight on  April 1814 – accepts terms of surrender & gives up throne  Given small pension, exiled to Elba (Italian coast)

15. A Comeback Fails  Escapes from Elba  Crowds welcome him back and he’s emperor again  June 18, 1815 attacks Waterloo (Britain)  Prussians arrive to help Brits  Napoleon’s defeated  Shipped off to St. Helena& died in 1821

16. Napoleon