2. Europe 1812 after Congress of Vienna

4. State Area of the earth’s surface that has human created boundaries. A state is governed by a central authority that makes laws, rule, and decisions, that it enforces within those boundaries. A state makes its own policies, and the government of a state recognizes no earthly authority higher than itself within its own boundaries

5. Nation A nation is simply a group of people who view themselves as being linked to one another in some manner. Groups of people who consider themselves to be ethnically, culturally, or linguistically related may thus be considered a nation. In essence, a nation is a psychological fixation as much as anything else.

6. Nation-State A nation-state is a state whose inhabitants consider themselves to be a nation. It is an area of the earth’s surface with human-created boundaries under a single government, the population of which considers itself to be in some way, shape, or form, related.

7. Nationalism Nationalism is closely related to the concepts of nation and nation-state. In simplest terms, nationalism is the psychological force that binds people together who identify with each other. Nationalism refers to the feelings of attachment that members of a nation have to one another, and to their nation-state.

8. Identify the following as either Nation, State, or Nation-State 1.England 2.Irish 3.France 4.United Kingdom 5.Russia 6.China 7.Slavs 8.Gypsies 9.United States 10.Mexico

9. Nationalism Brings Change Napoleon –Crowned emperor 1804 –Defeated 1815 Haiti gains independence 1804 Mexican independence 1810 1848—year of revolutions in Europe 1861—Russia frees serfs 1863—Emancipation Proclamation frees slaves 1870—Italy unified 1871—Germany unified 1884-1885—Berlin Conference carves Africa

12. Italian Unification Mazzini

13. German Unification 1815 there were 39 independent German states Austria and Prussia the most powerful Bismarck driving force behind unification Realpolitik Zollverein-freetrade area excluded Austria

16. Seven Week’s War Provoked Austria into declaring war in 1866 over Schleswig and Holstein Austria loses Venetia to Italy Eastern and Western regions of Prussia are joined for the first time 1867 North German Confederation formed

18. Franco-Prussian War Southern states still independent Napoleon III declares war –Ems telegram –Southern states join with Prussia and north vs. France

19. Alsace-Lorraine