1. Communication in Public organizations

2. Types of communication
Formal Communication:-
all written messages that follow an organization’s formal chains of command. Its size, volume, and content is influenced by the size of agency and by the public character of governmental bureaucracy.

3. 2- Informal communication:-
refers to oral communication that flows inside and outside formal channels of communication and written communication that does not follow formal channels.
3- Bottleneck flow of communication:-
it is when information gets stuck, slowed down or distorted. Especially with upward communication.

4. Communication overload when info. Is simply too much
What do we do?
Omit some info. To reduce volume.
Transmit some info.
Develop a system of info. queuing.
Filtration of information.
Sending approximate info. Not full text.
Escaping from bottleneck communication.

5. Dysfunctional Communication
When does communication become dysfunctional?
when communication flows develop too many problems.
This may lead to relying more on informal communication. (rumors)
How do we fight rumors?

6. We can combat rumors by:-
increasing factual information.
increasing accessibility to information.
holding small group meetings to counter rumors.
Using bulletin boards.
Training managers to recognize the reasons why rumors develop.
Preventing idleness and monotony.

7. Flows of Communication
Manager to employees
Subordinates to superiors
Peers
Crisscrossing info. Subordinate from one unit talks to the boss of another.

8. Types of flows of communication