1. Poetic Elements – Sound Devices
Alliteration
Assonance
Onomatopoeia

2. Alliteration
Alliteration – The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words
Ex.) Manhattan’s sights and sounds, her smells.

3. Assonance
Assonance – The repetition of similar vowel sounds
Ex.) The Soul selects her own Society.

4. Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia – The use of a word or phrase that actually imitates or suggests the sound of what it describes.
Ex.) Bang! Bang! You’re dead.

5. Poetic Elements – Rhyme
The repetition of the same stressed vowel sounds and any succeeding sounds in two or more words.

6. End Rhyme – occurs at the ends of lines of poetry

7. Slant Rhyme
Slant Rhyme – occurs when words include sounds that are similar but not identical
Barn/yard; wait/made

8. Internal Rhyme – occurs within a single line

9. Rhyme Scheme
Rhyme Scheme – the pattern that end rhymes form in a stanza or poem; the rhyme scheme is designated by the assignment of a different letter of the alphabet to each new rhyme

10. Rhyme Scheme Practice Helen, thy beauty is to me ___
Like those barks of yore, ___
That gently, o’er a perfumed sea, ___
The weary, way-worn wanderer bore___
To his own native shore ___

11. Rhyme Scheme Practice Helen, thy beauty is to me a
Like those barks of yore, b
That gently, o’er a perfumed sea, a
The weary, way-worn wanderer bore b
To his own native shore b

12. Comparison using figurative language
Words in a poem often invite the reader to think of two things at once: one thing literally, the other figuratively. Comparison is achieved by the use of figurative language.

13. Figurative Language Devices
Simile
Metaphor
Personification
Symbol

14. Simile Ex.) When the evening is spread out against the sky
Simile – a figure of speech using a word or phrase such as like or as to explicitly compare or equate seemingly unlike things.
Ex.) When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherized upon a table …

15. Metaphor Ex.) She is the rose of the family and I am the green thorn.
Metaphor – A figure of speech that implicitly compares two seemingly unlike things; It implies a comparison, instead of directly stating it as in a simile; hence, there is no use of connectives such as like or as.
Ex.) She is the rose of the family and I am the green thorn.

16. Personification
Personification – A figure of speech in which an animal, an object, a force of nature, or an idea is given human characteristics.
Ex.) Because I could not stop for death He kindly stopped for me

17. Symbol Ex.) The flag stood as a reminder to all of us …
Symbol -- Any object, person, place, or experience that exists on a literal level but also represents something more abstract.
Ex.) The flag stood as a reminder to all of us …