1. Exploring Digital Libraries: Integrating Browsing, Searching, and Visualization Paper by: Rao Shen, Naga Srinivas Vemuri, Weiguo Fan, Ricardo da S. Torres, Edward A. Fox Slides by fox@vt.edu http://fox.cs.vt.edu with some modifications by lillian.cassel@villanova.eduhttp://fox.cs.vt.edulillian.cassel@villanova.edu Original version presented at JCDL 2006

2. Acknowledgements (Selected) Sponsors: NSF grant ITR-0325579, ASOR, CWRU, ETANA, Vanderbilt U., Virginia Tech Faculty/Staff: Lillian Cassel, Debra Dudley, Manuel Perez, … VT (Former) Students: Marcos A. Gonçalves, Doug Gorton, Aaron Krowne, Ming Luo, …

3. Introduction What’s exploring? searching, browsing, investigating, studying, or analyzing for purposes of discovery, pursuing truth or facts about something Are browsing and searching duals or can they be converted to each other when certain conditions are met? Can we generalize these DL exploring services within a formal DL framework? Can the formal generalization guide development of exploring services for domain focused DLs?

4. Related Work on Integrating Services in DLs has an example I3RI3R systems In 1980s found in RABBIT integrating searching and browsing systems In 1990s systems In 2000s CODER DataWeb has an example PESTOSenseMaker has an example MIXScentTrailsBBQ ODLMARIAN integrating searching and browsing with other services clustering and visualization has examples Stepping Stones & Pathways CitiViz includes Cat-a-Cone WebBookHieraxes RB++Grouper EtanaViz … KartooFlamenco

5. Generalize DL exploring services such as browsing, searching, clustering, and visualization Exploration Space (Espa) is a Space Espa=(Q, Contents, OP_Set) Q is a set of conceptual representations for user information needs Contents: associated with collection C OP_Set is a set of operations on Q and Contents {OP viz, OP clu, OP s, OP b } OP_Set Exploring Services Formalization

6. Sample OP_Set: {OP viz, OP clu, OP s, OP b } OP viz : maps a set of digital objects to a visual mark OP clu : gets similarity of a pair of subsets of collection and their associated contents OP s : associates a query with a digital object and its contents OP b : associates a traverse link with contents of the target node (i.e., follows a hypertext link) Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

7. An Exploring Service (Eser) is a set of scenarios over an exploration space (Espa). Eser=(sc 1, sc 2, …, sc i, …, sc n ), where sc i is a sequence of events each event is associated with one or more of the operations in Espa Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

8. … … eiei OP_Set Searching: Op s Browsing: Op b Clustering: Op clu Visualization: Op viz … State Diagram Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

9. Reading the paper

10. Overview first What is this paper about? What is the main point or are the main points? What is the structure of the paper? –Is this what you would expect to see in any well-organized conference paper? –Are there sections that are specific to this project?

11. Related work What is the oldest work cited? What is the most recent work cited? How large a body of work contributed to this project? How closely related are the works that this paper cites? Is there a good reason for each reference? How many of the cited works are by the same author (or some of the same authors) or from the same research laboratory?

12. Definitions and notations What specific terms are defined? –Are these general terms that have particular meanings in this paper or are they new terms with no known meaning? –Are there general terms defined, or notations that provide shorthand for use in the later discussions? –List the terms. Discuss the meaning of each with a classmate. Is anything unclear? Try to answer each other’s questions or formulate a question for the class to address together. –Note: the reference #10 is one we read earlier in the semester.

13. Definition 2: A structure is a tuple (G,L, F), where G=(V,E) is a directed graph with vertex set V and edge set E, L is a set of label values, and F is a labeling function F: (V  E)  L Definition 16: A digital object is a tuple do = (h, SM, ST, Structured-Streams) where –h  H, where H is a set of universally unique handles (labels) –SM = {sm1, sm2, …, smn} is a set of streams –ST = {st1, st2, …, stm} is a set of structural metadata specifications; –StructuredStreams={stsm1, stsm2, …, stsmp} is a set of StructuredStream functions defined from the streams in the SM set (the second component) of the digital object and from the structures in the ST set (the third component.)

14. The operations Exactly what operations are defined and are of interest in this paper? What relationships exist between and among the operations defined?

15. New understanding The paper states: Our theory-based approach to describing DL exploring services allows us to understand browsing and searching in a new way. What are all the exploring services discussed in the paper? How are these explored in the context of the ETANA-DL (which we initially looked at early in the semester).

16. The Author’s presentation The paper as presented by the author Slides provided by Dr. Edward A. Fox

17. Exploring Digital Libraries: Integrating Browsing, Searching, and Visualization Excerpt from JCDL 2006, Chapel Hill, NC, June 12, 2006 Rao Shen, Naga Srinivas Vemuri, Weiguo Fan, Ricardo da S. Torres, and Edward A. Fox fox@vt.edu http://fox.cs.vt.edu Some adaptations by lillian.cassel@villanova.edulillian.cassel@villanova.edu For CSC 9010-Special Topics - Digital Libraries and other Web-based information presentation

18. Acknowledgements (Selected) Sponsors: NSF grant ITR-0325579, ASOR, CWRU, ETANA, Vanderbilt U., Virginia Tech Faculty/Staff: Lillian Cassel, Debra Dudley, Manuel Perez, … VT (Former) Students: Marcos A. Gonçalves, Doug Gorton, Aaron Krowne, Ming Luo, …

19. Introduction What’s exploring? searching, browsing, investigating, studying, or analyzing for purposes of discovery, pursuing truth or facts about something Are browsing and searching duals or can they be converted to each other when certain conditions are met? Can we generalize these DL exploring services within a formal DL framework? Can the formal generalization guide development of exploring services for domain focused DLs?

20. Related Work on Integrating Services in DLs has an example I3RI3R systems In 1980s found in RABBIT integrating searching and browsing systems In 1990s systems In 2000s CODER DataWeb has an example PESTOSenseMaker has an example MIXScentTrailsBBQ ODLMARIAN integrating searching and browsing with other services clustering and visualization has examples Stepping Stones & Pathways CitiViz includes Cat-a-Cone WebBookHieraxes RB++Grouper EtanaViz … KartooFlamenco

21. Generalize DL exploring services such as browsing, searching, clustering, and visualization Exploration Space (Espa) is a Space Espa=(Q, Contents, OP_Set) Q is a set of conceptual representations for user information needs Contents: associated with collection C OP_Set is a set of operations on Q and Contents {OP viz, OP clu, OP s, OP b } OP_Set Exploring Services Formalization

22. Sample OP_Set: {OP viz, OP clu, OP s, OP b } OP viz : maps a set of digital objects to a visual mark OP clu : gets similarity of a pair of subsets of collection and their associated contents OP s : associates a query with a digital object and its contents OP b : associates a traverse link with contents of the target node (i.e., follows a hypertext link) Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

23. An Exploring Service (Eser) is a set of scenarios over an exploration space (Espa). Eser=(sc 1, sc 2, …, sc i, …, sc n ), where sc i is a sequence of events each event is associated with one or more of the operations in Espa Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

24. … … eiei OP_Set Searching: Op s Browsing: Op b Clustering: Op clu Visualization: Op viz … State Diagram Exploring Services Formalization (Cont.)

25. Theory-based approach to describing DL Exploring Services — guides us to design and implement exploring services for ETANA-DL Multi-dimensional browsing Searching and browsing integration Visualization Usability evaluation

26. An Integrated DL Etana brings together several separate and different collections of materials into an integrated DL. –Virtual Nimrin (http://www.case.edu/affil/nimrin/menu/nimrin.htm)http://www.case.edu/affil/nimrin/menu/nimrin.htm –Madaba Plains (http://www.madabaplains.org/home.html)http://www.madabaplains.org/home.html –Lahav Website (http://www.cobb.msstate.edu/dig/lahav/)http://www.cobb.msstate.edu/dig/lahav/ –Megiddo ( http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/archaeology/megiddo/index.html) http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/archaeology/megiddo/index.html –And others

27. ETANA-DL approach Applying and extending Digital Library (DL) techniques to solve key problems: making primary data available, data preservation, and interoperability Modeling archaeological information systems using 5S to better understand the domain and design the system and the supporting services Rapidly prototyping DLs that handle heterogeneous archaeological data using componentized frameworks: –eliciting requirements –refining metamodel and union schema –modeling sites –mapping –harvesting –providing useful services

28. ETANA-DL Architecture DigBase and DigKit Lahav Nimrin Umayri Hisban Megiddo Jalul New Sites DATABASEWRAPPERSDATABASEWRAPPERS ETANA-DL UNION CATALOG Search USERINTERFACEUSERINTERFACE Browse Recommend Note Personalize Review Visualizations Archaeology Specific Work in progress …

29. ETANA-DL Website http://digbase.etana.org:8080/etana/servlet/Start

30. View Records

31. Exploring Service in ETANA-DL —Multi-dimensional Browsing Tomb # 056 in Area A of Bab edh-Dhra

32. Tomb #056 in Area A of Bab edh-Dhra, Time Period: EARLY BRONZE III View Records

33. Tomb #056 in Area A of Bab edh-Dhra, Time Period: EARLY BRONZE III Save navigation path Go to saved navigation paths

34. View Records

35. Searching and Browsing Integration Search Saucer Records within the Context

36. 12 saucer records in tomb #056 in area A of Bab edh-Dhra'

37. retrieve 88 equus records through basic search organize searching results

38. Organize searching results into 3 dimensions

39. The Important Point These are independent digital libraries or databases The idea is to give an appearance of a single, integrated site with access to all the information in all the sources. Harvesting -- OAI- PMH Then how to make it all appear like one collection of materials?

40. DL Integration What is “DL Integration” –Hide distribution –Hide heterogeneity –Enable autonomy of individual component Why Integration –island-DLs –inability to seamlessly and transparently access knowledge across DLs Use various autonomous DLs in concert

41. 3 new sites 2 new types of artifacts

42. EtanaViz: Initial Interface Query: bone records from Nimrin

43. EtanaViz: Bone records from Nimrin

44. EtanaViz: Total Number of Animal Bones across Nimrin Culture Phrases

45. EtanaViz: Percentages of Animal Bones across Nimrin Culture Phrases

46. BrowseSearchEtanaViz Save navigation path (SNP) Search within browsing context (SWBC) 4.0 4.5 Impression about ETANA-DL services