1. Europe and Russia Part 3 The Middle Ages

2. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, much of Europe entered the MIDDLE AGES – a time where knowledge and learning decreased. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, much of Europe entered the MIDDLE AGES – a time where knowledge and learning decreased. Over time, most of Europe broke up into many different kingdoms. Over time, most of Europe broke up into many different kingdoms. Most people were poor and uneducated. Most people were poor and uneducated. Under a system called FEUDALISM, Lords and Nobles along with the Catholic Church dominated life. Under a system called FEUDALISM, Lords and Nobles along with the Catholic Church dominated life.

4. The exact dates of the Middle Ages are up for debate. Many historians think they run roughly from the fall of Rome in 476 AD, to the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Protestant Reformation in the early 1500s— approximately 1,000 years. The exact dates of the Middle Ages are up for debate. Many historians think they run roughly from the fall of Rome in 476 AD, to the end of the Renaissance and beginning of the Protestant Reformation in the early 1500s— approximately 1,000 years. The Middle Ages are sometimes broken down into three smaller time frames. The Middle Ages are sometimes broken down into three smaller time frames. –The Early Middle Ages –The High Middle Ages –The Late Middle Ages

5. The Early Middle Ages Of the three periods, this one is sometimes called the DARK AGES. It runs from the 5 th century to the 10 th century, and saw the aftermath of the fall of Rome, and more invasions from outside forces such as Germanic tribes and the Vikings. Western Europe’s population fell, and trade declined.

7. At this time, the Islamic movement began on the Arabian Peninsula, and started to spread into former Roman lands.

8. Charles Martel a.k.a. Charles the Hammer “The Hammer” has gone down in history for being the leader who stopped the advance of invading Muslim forces in France, therefore helping Europe to remain Christian.

9. The Battle of Tours – 732

10. The High Middle Ages This time period lasted from the 11 th century to the end of the 13 th century. It saw a rebound in Europe’s population, military expansion, and the spread of Christianity. There was also an increase in ENCASTELLATION, or the number of castles being built for defensive purposes, and control over the local population.

11. Many Castles Remain Throughout Europe GermanySloveniaScotlandEngland Czech Rep.RomaniaIrelandFrance

12. The Crusades In the 1000s, many Western and Eastern Europeans wanted to take the city of Jerusalem and the “Holy Land” back from the Muslims. In the 1000s, many Western and Eastern Europeans wanted to take the city of Jerusalem and the “Holy Land” back from the Muslims. Christians from all over Europe gathered to fight the CRUSADES which were fought between 1095 and 1291. Christians from all over Europe gathered to fight the CRUSADES which were fought between 1095 and 1291.

13. The Crusades were a series of wars fought to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land.

14. During and after the Crusades were over, Europeans were exposed to new goods, which were brought home with them. Clothing made from silk and cotton was introduced. New food items like oranges, lemons, dates, etc. were introduced. Spices such as pepper and cinnamon, livened up the food Europeans were eating. The desire for products like these and many others, directly led to Europeans traveling and trading more often.

15. Marco Polo and the journeys of his relatives. Marco Polo and the journeys of his relatives.

16. Italian cities such as Venice and Genoa were major centers of trade, and became very wealthy.

18. The Late Middle Ages This time period covers approximately the 14 th and 15 th centuries. It is noted for being a time when Europe’s growth and progress slowed down. It was also a time of famine and disease which killed off anywhere from 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe’s population. Despite these problems, there was a renewed interest in what the Greeks and Romans had done, and there was progress in the area of arts and sciences.

19. Europe in 1328

20. The Black Death spread rapidly between 1348 and 1350.

21. Could a massive plague return?

22. In the 1300s Europe went through the RENAISSANCE or rebirth of learning and the arts. In the 1300s Europe went through the RENAISSANCE or rebirth of learning and the arts. The influences of Greek and Roman culture came back. The influences of Greek and Roman culture came back. Writers described human feelings, artists created lifelike paintings and sculptures, and architects designed nonreligious buildings. Writers described human feelings, artists created lifelike paintings and sculptures, and architects designed nonreligious buildings. The Renaissance

23. The Renaissance started in Italy, and occurred from the 1300s – 1600s.

24. The Last Supper

25. The Mona Lisa is considered a masterpiece of the Renaissance.

26. In 1054, the Great Schism took place, dividing Christianity into a Western Branch (Roman Catholicism), and an Eastern Branch (Eastern Orthodoxy). The divide occurred for 5 main reasons: *Doctrine *Theology *Language *Politics *Geography The Break Up of Christianity

27. The Reformation For nearly a thousand years, the Catholic church had dominated life in Western Europe. For nearly a thousand years, the Catholic church had dominated life in Western Europe. Some people began to question the power and authority of the Church, and wanted to “reform” it. Some people began to question the power and authority of the Church, and wanted to “reform” it. Protests against the church, led to PROTESTANT churches beginning to flourish in parts of Europe. Protests against the church, led to PROTESTANT churches beginning to flourish in parts of Europe.

28. Martin Luther and his 95 Theses, or questions for the Church.

29. After the Reformation, large numbers of Europeans joined other Christian sects.