1. Sound Sound Waves

2. What causes sound? Read p. 600-601 What does sound waves consist of? They are longitudinal waves carried through a medium. How do sound waves travel? In all directions from their source How does vibrations cause sound? Because the vibrations cause collisions of the particles in the air or medium

3. Pitch 1. Pitch: how high or low a sound is a.The higher the pitch the more “squeezed” together the waves are b.The higher the pitch the higher the frequency c.The lower the pitch the lower the frequency

4. How is sound transmitted through a medium? Read p. 602 First, what is a medium? A substance through which a wave can travel How does a sound transmit through a medium? It vibrates the particles in the medium Can sound travel in a vacuum? No

5. How does the human ear work? Draw the entire figure on page 603 with all labels and explanation.

6. How can you protect your hearing? Read page 605 Name three ways that you can protect your hearing. Earplugs Cutting the volume down on headphones Moving away from the loud music

7. Speed of Sound Read page 606 Explain why the speed of sound can change? It changes because of the temperature of the particles and the types of particles that the sound is traveling through. The higher the temperature, the faster sound travels.

8. The Doppler Effect Read p. 608 Describe the Doppler Effect. A car with its horn honking moves toward the sound waves going in the same direction. A person in front of the car hears the sound waves that are closer together. The person in back hears the sound waves that are further apart and have lower frequency.

9. The Doppler Effect Sheldon as the Doppler Effect The Doppler Effect

10. Amplitude and Energy Read p.609 What is the relationship between the amplitude of a sound and its energy of vibration? The amplitude of a sound is directly related to the energy of the vibration that caused the sound What is the most common way to express sound? decibels

11. Echo…Echo….Echo… Read p 612-614 How are echoes made? It is when a wave of a sound bounces back after striking a barrier. Why do you hear echoes in a gym usually? The waves easily reflect off the smooth, hard walls. Sound Echos

12. Sound Interference On page 614, identify the two types of sound wave interference. Constructive Interference Destructive Interference

13. Sound Interference What is interference? It is the combination of two or more sound waves that result in a single wave What is a medical procedure that uses echoes to “see” inside a patient’s body without doing surgery? Ultrasonography

14. Constructive Interference What is constructive interference? As the compressions of one wave overlap the compression of another wave, the sound will be louder because the amplitude is increased. Constructive and Deconstructive Interference

15. Deconstructive Interference What is deconstructive interference? As the compressions of one wave overlap the rarefactions of another wave, the sound will be softer because the amplitude is decreased.

16. Standing Waves Read page 616 What is a standing wave? A standing wave is a pattern of vibration that looks like a wave that is standing still.

17. Musical Instruments Read p. 617 How do musical instruments produce sound? They use resonance to make sound. In wind instruments, the vibrations are caused by blowing air into the mouthpiece. In a stringed instrument, they resonate when they are played. The strings vibrate and sound waves form inside the body of the guitar.

18. Communication tools that use sound Voice – allows you to communicate with others. Morse Code – code for numbers and letters using sound Sonar – a device that sends sound waves through water to measure or find something. Animal sounds Musical instruments

19. Copy to notebook Figure 1 on page 600 Table 1 on page 606 Table 2 on page 607 Figure 3 on page 608 Table 3 on page 610 Figure 5 on page 614