1. Markert Biology 2011

2.  Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______

3.  Nucleotides

4.  A nucleotide consists of _______, _________, and __________.

5.  a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

6.  The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the _______

7.  sugar - deoxyribose

8.  Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?

9. Adenine Guanine  Purines are Adenine and Guanine Thymine Cytosine  Pyrimidines are Thymine and Cytosine

10.  Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?  a.It must occur before a cell can divide  b.Two complementary strands are duplicated.  c.The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated.  d.The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

11.  d.The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

12.  RNA differs from DNA in that RNA a. _______ b. _______ c. _______

13.  is single-stranded.  contains the nitrogen base uracil.  contains a different sugar molecule.

14.  In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to _______

15.  uracil

16.  The function of rRNA is to form _______

17.  ribosomes

18.  During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule of _______

19.  messenger RNA

20.  Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) _______

21.  codon

22.  Each of the following is a type of RNA except  a.carrier RNA.  b.messenger RNA.  c.ribosomal RNA.  d.transfer RNA.

23.  a.carrier RNA.

24.  A ribosome has  A. one binding site for DNA.  B. three binding sites used during translation.  C. four binding sites for tRNA.  D. no binding sites since the proteins must detach.

25.  B. three binding sites used during translation.  NOT ON THE TEST!!!

26.  The form of ribonucleic acid that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes is _______

27.  mRNA

28. mRNA codonsamino acid UAU, UACtyrosine CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG proline GAU, GAC aspartic acid AUU, AUC, AUAisoleucine UGU, UGCcysteine Refer to the illustration. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given to determine which of the following contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence. a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG b. ATGGGTCTATATACG c. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA d. ATAGGGCTTTAAACA

29.  b. ATGGGTCTATATACG

30.  Transfer RNA  a.carries an amino acid to its correct codon.  b.synthesizes amino acids as they are needed.  c.produces codons to match the correct anticodons.  d.converts DNA into mRNA.

31.  a.carries an amino acid to its correct codon. amino acid attachment site UAC anticodon

32.  Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n) _______

33.  RNA molecule

34.  A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a five- carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base is called a(n) _______

35.  nucleotide

36.  The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is _______

37.  deoxyribose

38.  Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a(n) _______

39.  double helix

40.  Due to the strict pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA molecules, the two strands are said to be _________to each other.

41.  complementary

42.  The process by which DNA copies itself is called _______

43.  replication

44.  The nitrogen-containing base that is only found in RNA is _______

45.  uracil

46.  Messenger RNA is produced during the process of _____

47.  transcription

48.  During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by molecules of _______

49.  transfer RNA amino acid attachment site UAC anticodon

50.  Nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA are called _______

51.  anticodons

52.  The sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids or stop signals in the synthesis of protein is called a(n) _______

53.  codon

54.  The information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA is used to make protein during the process of _____

55.  translation

56.  Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.  _____ pairs with ______  ______ pairs with _________

57.  Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together.  _________ pairs with ______  ______ pairs with _________ Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________ A T GC

58.  For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell and what is produced.  Replication:  Transcription:  Translation

59. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________  For each process below, identify where it occurs in the cell and what is produced.  Replication:  Transcription:  Translation Nucleus, identical DNA strand Nucleus, mRNA Ribosomes, tRNA - protein

60.  List three differences between DNA and RNA  a.  b.  c.

61. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________  List three differences between DNA and RNA  a.  b.  c. DNA – double strand; RNA – single strand DNA – deoxyribose sugar; RNA – ribose sugar DNA – Thymine nitrogen base; RNA – Uracil nitrogen base

62.  Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do.  a.  b.  c.

63. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________  Identify 3 types of RNA, where they are found and what they do.  a.  b.  c. mRNA – tRNA – rRNA -

64.  Use your codon chart on to complete the table below. Use your codon chart on to complete the table below. DNA Triplet TTC mRNA codon UAG tRNA anti-codon CAG Amino acid coded met

65. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________ DNA Triplet TTC mRNA codon UAG tRNA anti-codon CAG Amino acid coded met UAC AUG TAC VAL GUC CAG AAG UUC LYS AUC ATC STOP

66.  Using the following DNA sequences, identify each of the following: Mutations: substitution, insertion and deletion  TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT  Mutation: ___________________________  1: TAC GCA GCC CGA GCT ATA AAA TT  Mutation ___________________________  2: TAC GCC AGC CCG AAC TAT AAA ATT  Mutation ___________________________  3: TAC GCC ATG CCC GAG CTA TAA AAT T

67. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________  Mutations: substitution, insertion and deletion  TAC GCC AGC CCG AGC TAT AAA ATT  Mutation: ___________________________  1: TAC GCA GCC CGA GCT ATA AAA TT  Mutation ___________________________  2: TAC GCC AGC CCG AAC TAT AAA ATT  Mutation ___________________________  3: TAC GCC ATG CCC GAG CTA TAA AAT T DELETION SUBSTITUTION INSERTION

68.  Which mutations above would have the have the greatest impact on an organism? Why?

69. Use the base pairing rules to correctly match the nitrogen bases together. ________________pairs with_______________ ________________pairs with ______________?????????

70. C E D, F G F D H