1. Macromolecule Review

2. Functional Groups

3. Name the functional group: -OH hydroxyl -COOH carboxyl -NH 2 amino

4. Name the functional group: -C=O carbonyl -SH sulfhydryl -PO 4 phosphate

5. Identify the functional groups:

6. carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl

7. Identify the functional groups:

8. carbonyl

9. Identify the functional groups:

10. phosphate, hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl

11. Carbohydrates

12. Carbohydrate Review What is the name of the reaction when when 2 monosaccharides attach to form a disaccharide? dehydration synthesis or condensation What is the name of the bond formed? glycosidic bond/linkage

13. Carbohydrate Review Name 2 polysaccharides that are used as energy storage. starch and glycogen Name 2 polysaccharides that are used for structural support. cellulose and chitin

14. What is this?

15. monosaccharide

16. What is this?

17. polysaccharide (it continues…)

18. What is this?

19. disaccharide (sucrose)

20. What is this?

21. monosaccharide

22. Lipids

23. Lipids Review What is the most common type of lipid? triglycerides (fats) What are the other types of lipids? phospholipids, waxes, steroids

24. Lipids Review What are the chemical components of a triglyceride? glycerol + 3 fatty acids What is the name of the bond that links these components together? an ester linkage

25. Lipids Review What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid? saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms; have the maximum number of H atoms attached (are fully “saturated” with H atoms)

26. Lipids Review Which type of fat is usually solid at room temperature? saturated fats How do you make an unsaturated fat solid at room temperature? hydrogenation

27. What is this?

28. steroid/sterol (cholesterol)

29. What are these?

30. fatty acids (saturated & unsaturated)

31. What is this?

32. glycerol

33. What is this?

34. phospholipid

35. What is this?

36. triglyceride

37. Proteins What is the basic unit of a protein? amino acid What is the name of the bond formed between 2 amino acids in a protein? peptide bond

38. Proteins How many amino acids are there in total? How many are “essential”? 20 (8 are essential) What are some of the functions of proteins? structural support, messengers, transport of materials, enzymes, etc…

39. Proteins What is the “primary” structure of a protein? its sequence of amino acids At what level of protein organization are ß-pleated sheets and the alpha-helix? secondary structure

40. What is this?

41. a polypeptide

42. What is this?

43. an amino acid

44. Nucleic Acids Name the pyrimidine bases. Describe their structure. cytosine, thymine, uracil single ring structure Name the purine bases. Describe their structure adenine, guanine double ring

45. Nucleic Acids What type of bond links complementary bases? H bond What type of bond links consecutive nucleotides in a nucleic acid? phosphodiester bond

46. What are the differences?

47. RNA single-stranded, has uracil (not thymine), has ribose (not deoxyribose), involved in protein synthesis but only the hereditary material of some viruses DNA double-stranded, has thymine, has deoxyribose, hereditary material, involved in protein synthesis

48. What is this?

49. (deoxyribo)nucleotide

50. Testing for Macromolecules What tests/reagents are used to test for starch, lipids (2 tests), monosaccharides, and proteins? Lugols (iodine), translucence test, Sudan IV, Benedict’s reagent, Biuret reagent