2. Processes DNA RNAMisc.Protein

3. What is the base pair rule? Why is it important

4. ANSWER : In DNA Adenine always bonds to Thymine Cytosine always bonds to Guanine This allows DNA to act as its own template for replication

5. The point where the 2 DNA strands separate is called the …

6. ANSWER: Replication Fork

7. What enzyme unzips the DNA molecule?

8. ANSWER: Helicase

9. The strand of DNA where replication happens continuously is called the …..

10. ANSWER: Leading strand

11. Binding site for RNA polymerase?

12. ANSWER : Promoter region

13. Part of RNA molecule that are spliced back together to form mRNA

14. ANSWER: Exons

15. How is RNA processed on the 3’ end? 5’ end?

16. ANSWER : 5’ – methylation capping 3’ – polyadenylation (poly A tail)

17. What is determines the reading frame? What can a reading frame shift do?

18. ANSWER: Start and stop codons Mutation or it can cause an aborted translation process

19. Name three differences between RNA & DNA

20. ANSWER: 1. DNA Sugar Deoxyribose RNA - ribose 2. DNA double stranded RNA – most single stranded 3. DNA – Thymine RNA - Uracil

21. Causes translation to end?

22. “Stop” codon

23. What enzyme adds nucleotides along a DNA strand during ? In what direction does this occur?

24. ANSWER: DNA Polymerase All DNA synthesis occurs 5'-3'. The original DNA strand must be read 3'-5' to produce a 5'-3' strand.

25. What are Okazaki fragments? What enzyme processes them?

26. ANSWER: Discontinuous fragments of DNA made on the lagging strand. Ligase

27. What amino acid codon initiates translation in eukaryotes?

28. ANSWER: AUG

29. What is the coding unit?

30. ANSWER: The section of DNA being copied into mRNA during transcription

31. What is enzyme A? What does it do?

32. ANSWER: Topoisomerase Unwinds the DNA Strand

33. What are the 3 steps of translation?

34. ANSWER: 1- Initiation 2- elongation 3 - termination

35. What levels of structure are found in functional proteins?

36. ANSWER: 4 levels

37. What is the structure of a ribosome?

38. ANSWER: Made from ribosomal RNA and Proteins Made up of small and large subunits

39. DAILY DOUBLE

40. What is an anti codon? Where is it found? What does it do?

41. ANSWER: Three nucleotides complementary to a codon on mRNA Found on tRNA Deliver amino acids to the ribosome

42. a. The two new strands of DNA that result from this process will …… A. have the same nucleotide order. B. have different nucleotide orders. C. result in a strand of mRNA, D. always results in a protein. The two new strands of DNA that result from this process will …… A. have the same nucleotide order. B. have different nucleotide orders. C. result in a strand of mRNA, D. always results in a protein.

43. ANSWER: A. have the same nucleotide order.

44. What is this a picture of?

45. ANSWER: mRNA

46. Is there double stranded RNA? If so what is it?

47. ANSWER: tRNA

48. What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

49. ANSWER:

50. What does semi conservative replication mean?

51. ANSWER: The resulting DNA includes one original strand and one new strand One original strand is “conserved” or saved.

52. What is “anti parallel” mean?

53. ANSWER: DNA is oriented in the opposite direction, causing continuous synthesis ion one strand and discontinuous on the other

54. What does RNA primase do?

55. ANSWER: Allows the RNA primer to attach to a parent DNA strand. All primers are RNA!!