2. Vocabulary Fun with Graphs Macro- molecules Chemical Reactions Enzymes 10 20 30 40 50

3. Question 1 - 10 Define “element”

4. Answer 1 – 10 A pure substance that consists of one type of atom

5. Question 1 - 20 Define “dehydration synthesis”

6. Answer 1 – 20 Joining molecules together that results in a loss of water

7. Question 1 - 30 Relate the following words in a sentence: – Catalyst, – enzyme, – activation energy

8. Answer 1 – 30 Enzymes are catalysts that lower activation energy

9. Question 1 - 40 Define “denaturation”

10. Answer 1 – 40 Breaking of a protein

11. Question 1 - 50 Explain the difference between ionic bonding and covalent bonding

12. Answer 1 – 50 Ionic bond involves a transfer of electrons, and covalent bonding involves a sharing of electrons

13. Question 2 - 10 Is this graph showing an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

14. Answer 2 – 10 exothermic

15. Question 2 - 20 What is this enzyme’s optimum temperature?

16. Answer 2 – 20 40 degrees C

17. Question 2 - 30 Which statement best expresses the information represented in the graph shown? – (1.) The action of enzymes varies with pH. – (2.) A pH of 7 provides the optimum environment for digestive enzymes – (3.) Gastric juice is active at a pH extending from 0 to 12. – (4.) Acids have a pH greater than 7.

18. Answer 2 – 30 (1). The action of enzymes varies with pH

19. Question 2 - 40 Draw a graph representing an endothermic reaction. Be sure to label reactants, products, Ea, and ΔH

20. Answer 2 – 40

21. Question 2 - 50 Increasing [substrate] will increase the reaction rate to a certain point. Based on the graph below, what [substrate] allows the enzymes to work at half their maximum velocity? (Assume each box represents 5mL)

22. Answer 2 – 50 2.5 mL

23. Question 3 - 10 Name the 4 types of macromolecules

24. Answer 3 – 10 Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

25. Question 3 - 20 Name the primary function of nucleic acids

26. Answer 3 – 20 Store the genetic information

27. Question 3 - 30 Name the main function of carbs

28. Answer 3 – 30 Body’s main source of energy

29. Question 3 - 40 What are the monomers of carbs?

30. Answer 3 – 40 monosaccharides

31. Question 3 - 50 Draw the structure of an amino acid

32. Answer 3 – 50

33. Question 4 - 10 What are the reactants of a chemical reaction?

34. Answer 4 – 10 What you start with

35. Question 4 - 20 What is the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction?

36. Answer 4 – 20 Exothermic—lose energy/heat, endothermic—gain energy/heat

37. Question 4 - 30 Breaking a bond ________ energy

38. Answer 4 – 30 releases

39. Question 4 - 40 What is activation energy?

40. Answer 4 – 40 Energy required to start a reaction

41. Question 4 - 50 Which type of reactions will occur spontaneously? – A. endothermic – B. exothermic

42. Answer 4 – 50 B. exothermic

43. Question 5 - 10 What is are substrates?

44. Answer 5 – 10 The reactants of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

45. Question 5 - 20 How do enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

46. Answer 5 – 20 Lower the activation energy

47. Question 5 - 30 What is the name of the model that describes the precise fit between an enzyme and its substrate

48. Answer 5 – 30 Lock and key model

49. Question 5 - 40 Explain the induced fit theory

50. Answer 5 – 40 Enzyme changes shape slightly to “hug” the substrate

51. Question 5 - 50 Name 4 factors that affect the rate of enzyme activity

52. Answer 5 – 50 Temperature pH [enzyme] [substrate]