1. Proteins… ► Let’s Review…… then….. ► Let’s discover proteins…. ► PollEv.com/tinalambiase209

2. Functions of Proteins … ► Enzymes – reduces activation energy  Ex: amylase – helps to digest amylose  ATP synthase – helps to make ATP Structural Proteins – provide support ex: elastin, horn, silk (web), keratin (hair & nails) Movement – actin and myosin muscles Defense – antibodies in bloodstream Storage – albumin in egg whites Signaling – growth hormones in bloodstream

5. What do you think is happening to the proteins within these eggs???? ►!►!►!►!

6. Proteins ► C, H, O, N and sometimes S ► Made in ribosomes ► Cell membranes ► Hormones (insulin) ► Hemoglobin ► Enzymes (control the rate of reactions)

7. Building Blocks of Proteins Amino Acids ► Amino Group – NH 2 ► Carboxyl group –COOH ► Variable group –R

8. Dehydration Synthesis of Proteins ► Removal of a water molecule from amino acids to make proteins.  Dipeptide – two amino acids together  Tripeptide – three amino acids together  Polypeptide – more than three amino acids together All linked together with “ Peptide Bonds ”

9. Dehydration Synthesis of Proteins ► Amino Acid + Amino Acid -- Dipeptide + Water

10. Removing the water molecule ► Producing a peptide bond

11. Dehydration Synthesis of Proteins

12. Dipeptide ► Locate your peptide bond!!!

13. Can you draw a peptide bond? ► Which two functional groups join to make the peptide bond???

14. How do we break proteins down?? HYDROLYSIS ► Add the water molecule back in to replace the peptide bond ► Put the amino acids back to the way they were!!! ► Each amino acid must have an amino group –NH 2 and a carboxyl group -- COOH

15. Hydrolysis ► Dipeptide + water = amino acid + amino acid ► Tripeptide + 2 water molecules = amino acid + amino acid + amino acid ► NOW YOU TRY……

16. Hydrolysis of Proteins

17. Hydrolysis is the OPPOSITE of dehydration synthesis ► What reaction is this? ► Can you locate the peptide bond?