1. From DNA to Protein Review Spring 2011

2. 1 pt The units that make up DNA are called? nucleotides

3. 2 pts The sequence of a part of one chain of DNA is CGC AAT CGT, the sequence of its complimentary partner must be? GCG TTA GCA

4. 1 pt DNA is found in the ______________? nucleus

5. 1 pt What brings amino acids to the ribosomes for addition to the protein chain? Transfer RNA tRNA

6. 3 pts What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA? 1. DNA has deoxyribose sugar, RNA has Ribose 2. DNA has thymine bases and RNA uses Uracil bases 3. DNA has a double chain and RNA is a single chain

7. 2 pts For the DNA strand below create the mRNA sequence and correct polypeptide sequence? DNA: TAC GAT TAG CTA ACC TTC CAA ACT mRNA: AUG CUA AUC GAU UGG AAG GUU UGA Amino acid sequence: MET- LEU- ISO- ASP-LEU-LYS- VAL- STOP

8. 2 pts Put these protein synthesis events in order 1-5: a)tRNA picks up amino acids and carries them to the cytoplasm b)Ribosomes bond mRNA and tRNA c)A single strand of DNA serves as a template to make mRNA d)mRNA carries the sequence of nucleotides to the cytoplasm e)A protein is synthesized Answer: c, d, a, b, e

9. 1 pt The process in which a DNA molecule is copied is called? replication

10. 1 pt Name the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA? Uracil Adenine Guanine Cytosine

11. 1 pt Name the two different types of mutagens that can change the DNA code? X-rays, chemicals, random mutation, UV radiation

12. 1 pt RNADNA nucleic acid rRNA Which is the term that includes all the others? Nucleic acid

13. 1 pt The process of copying the DNA code to RNA is called? transcription

14. 1pt The process of reading the mRNA and creating a protein is called? Translation

15. 2 pts What two bases are purines? Adenine and Guanine

16. 1 pt What RNA base pairs with Adenine? Uracil

17. 3 pts What did Hershey and Chase work with? Viruses Their experiment proved that DNA was the genetic material responsible for passing on characteristics

18. 3 pts What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? Sugar Phosphate Nitrogenous base

19. 1 pt In what direction does DNA replication occur? 5’ to 3’

20. 2 pts What are introns? Segments of mRNA that do not code for anything They are cut out

21. 1 pt How many amino acids are there? 20

22. 1 pt What is the start codon? AUG

23. 1 pt Name one stop codon…. UGA, UAA, UAG

24. 2 pts What are some functions of proteins? Structure: hair, muscle, ligaments Enzymes: break down food, speed up chemical reactions

25. 2 pts What 2 enzymes are responsible for DNA replication? DNA polymerase DNA ligase