2. 1. a. Describe one dysfunctional behavior. b. Analyze one approach to treatment for the dysfunctional behavior described in part a. 2.Compare and contrast two models or theories of dysfunctional behavior. 3.a. Identify and outline one classification system of dysfunctional behavior. b. Discuss strengths and limitations of the classification system.

3. Biological Medical Model: 1950s: Chlorpromazine First modern anti-psychotic drug Heinz Lehmann Positive symptoms disappeared Thru 1980s: Dopamine Hypothesis Schizophrenia = over activity in neural pathways of dopamine 1990s: Clozapine atypical anti-psychotic more effective in treating and fewer side effects ?? Does not solely rely on dopamine levels??

4. Biological Aetiology: 1.Dopamine Hypothesis ?? still researching 2.Diathesis – Stress Model: Late 1990s: “Two – Hit” Model 1: genetic predisposition 2: environmental stress Treatment: Psychopharmacology neuroleptics: clozapine

5. Behaviorist: Aetiology: Maladaptive Learning –Modeling –Immediacy theory Weak in explaining origin of disorder, BUT effective in treatment of disorder Treatment –Token Economy Able to closely control reinforcers in the hospital

6. Cognitive: Focus on analyzing the symptoms: 1.Delusions 2.Language 3.Thought Disturbances Faulty references –Misinterpretation of stimuli and events Logical errors –Lapses in reasoning

7. Cognitive: Aetiology: Defective attention theory Difficulty in selecting and attending to stimuli Treatment: Cognitive Restructuring – Ellis: ABC

8. Examine ways in which one model or theory of dysfunctional behavior contributes to an understanding of dysfunctional behavior. 20 marks

9. Psychodynamic: Distortion of psychological functioning Disintegration of ego – loss of reality Double-bind hypothesis –Faulty communication in family leads to disorder Expressed emotion –High levels of criticism, hostility, intensity lead to a likely relapse

10. Humanistic: Distortions of development –Focus on what the person is experiencing, not why or how Depersonalization: dissociation from a situation Loss of self-awareness