1. Ottoman & Mughal Empires

2. Essential Questions How did the Ottomans get their name?
What is the Millet System?
Who are Janissaries?
What leader challenged the Ottomans expansion?
What was the new name for the Ottoman capital?
Why would the Ottoman Empire decline?

3. 1200’s Osman- would fight the Byzantines and have success.
Rise of the Ottoman
Ghazis- 1st Ottomans were Turkish soldiers or warriors for Islam.
Escaped the Mongols
1200’s Osman- would fight the Byzantines and have success.
Osman’s tribe= Ottoman’s

4. The Ottoman Bureaucracy
SULTAN
Divans
Social / Military Divans
Heads of Individual Religious Millets
Muslims
Jews
Local Administrators & Military
Christians
Landowners / Tax Collectors

5. Government & Society Society 2 main groups- rulers and society
Reaya- “Protected Flock” masses of ordinary subjects.
Millet system- group of different religious communities.
Each could operate under its own law and customs.
Courts and collected taxes
Education, health, and safety of its members

6. Army and Challenges Janissaries- Highly trained slave troops.
War captive European soldiers.
Schooled and converted to Islam
Gained power & served the Sultan

7. Left Picture-Siege of Rhodes in 1522.
Right Picture- Picture of new soldiers.

8. Challenges Turko-Mongol leader Timur slowed expansion
Timur claimed he was a descendent of Genghis Khan.
Strong military leader who would capture the sultan and for his return gain territory for all ghazi leaders.

9. Recovery and Expansion of the Empire
Timur- caused a civil war in the Ottoman Empire.
People were arguing over who should be the next Sultan.
What is the importance of a Civil War?
Murad II took over in 1444 and defeated the last of the crusaders.
Mehmed II would expand the empire and take over Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul became the Ottoman capital.

10. Mehmed II

11. The Ottoman Capital Constantinople

12. Suleyman “The Magnificent” 1520-1566
Suleyman’s Signature

13. Ottoman Empire

14. Decline Expands Empire to Vienna. Suleyman dies in 1566. Slow decline
Military weakens
European rulers take over land
Economy
Starts to struggle
Lose silk and spice trade
Sultans lose power and respect
Government
Corruption
Failed military revisions
Weak Sultans

16. Mughal Empire Controlled the area of present day India
Rose to power when RAJPUTS (warrior princes) challenged the Turkish rulers of the area
Babur led the Mughal Empire and established its dominance

17. The growth of power Akbar became the greatest of Mughal rulers
Ruled at the age of 13 from 1556 to 1605
Improved the tax system
Taxes were based off of what a village could produce over a 10 year period
He tolerated all religions
Repealed any taxes non-Muslims once had to pay

18. Taj Mahal Built by Shah Jahan Built for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal
He ruled from
Built for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal
The Taj Mahal is her tomb

19. Sikh A new religion formed out of Hindu and Muslim cultures
Devotion to one God
No idols
Less rigid social system
Became militant – Often fighting the Mughal Empire and Muslim Empires