1. DEGREADATION CONGERVATION
SOIL
DEGREADATION CONGERVATION
S.St.-Powerpoint presentation
By-M.S.Solanki
JNV- Nowgong Chhatarpur
Geography
Lesson-02

2. SOIL
The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil. It is closely linked to land.

3. Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soil as a resource
Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soil as a resource. Both human and natural factors can lead to degradation of soils

4. SOIL EROSION AND DEGREDATION
Erosion - Wearing away and transportation of soil by wind, water, or ice.
Worldwide removes 25.4 Billion tons/yr.
Made worse by deforestation and desertification.
Poor agricultural practices increase erosion and lead to the transport of associated fertilizers and pesticides.

6. THINK ABOUT ITS REASON Deforestation Overgrazing
Overuse of fertilisers and pestisides
Landslides Floodes
Rainwash

7. ACTIVITY How can we stop it.
Now you have a task of 5 minits divide into 4 groups and find out some methods and measures for soil conservation.

8. Soil Conservation Practices
When topsoil is lost, fertility is reduced or destroyed, thus fertilizers must be used to restore fertility.
Raises food costs, and increases sediment loads in waterways.
Over 20% of US land is suitable for agriculture, but only 2% does not require some form of soil conservation practice.

9. Soil conservation Trrace forming Let us discus
These are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops.They can reduce surface run-off and soil errosion.

11. Soil conservation

12. FLOW OF WATER SLOW DOWN BECAUSE OF THESE STEPS

13. 2.Rock Dam
Rocks are pilled up to slow down the flow of water. This prevents gullies and further soil loss.

14. Contour Farming - Tilling at right angles to the slope of the land
Contour Farming - Tilling at right angles to the slope of the land. Each ridge acts as a small dam.

15. Contour Ploughing
Contour barriers :Stones, grass, soil are used to build barriers along contours. Trenches are made in front of the barriers to collect the water.

16. CONTOUR PLUGHING

17. Mulching :
The bare ground between plants is covered with a layer of organic matter like straw. It helps to retain soil moisture.

18. Intercropping :
Different crops are grown in alternate rows and are sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash.

19. Contour Ploughing
Ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down the slope

20. Shelter belts :
In the coastal and dry regions, rows of trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover

21. HEAVY WINDS WITH SHELTER BELTS

22. SHELTER BELTS TO BREAK THE SPEED OF HEAVY WINDS

23. Activity
In India soils could be alluvial, black, red, laterite, desertic and mountain soil. Collect a handful of different types of soil and observe how they are different?

24. EXERCISE
Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to checksoil erosion on steep slopes? (a) shelter belts (b) mulching (c) terrace cultivation
What can we do to stop soil degradation.?
What is trrace forming.?

25. THE END
THANKS