1. LING 388: Language and Computers Sandiway Fong Lecture 21

2. g20.pl From the course website, g20.pl incorporates: – perfective have, progressive be and passive be perfective have perfective have progressive be progressive be passive be passive be main verb Start

3. g20.pl S rules:

4. g20.pl VP rules:

5. g20.pl Auxiliary verb rules:

6. g20.pl NP rules:

7. g20.pl Lexical rules for determiners and nouns:

8. g20.pl Lexical rules for main verbs:

9. g20.pl SBAR rules: Subject verb agreement table:

10. Case Constraint there is a Case Constraint on pronouns Examples 1.I ate the sandwich(active with subject pronoun) 2.*me ate the sandwich 3.the boy saw me(active with object pronoun) 4.*the boy saw I 5.the sandwich was eaten(passive) 6.*the sandwich was ate 7.the sandwich was eaten by me(passive + subject in by-phrase) 8.*the sandwich was eaten by I

11. Case Constraint We need to add a lexical feature Case to all NPs, currently NPs report Parse, Person and Number: Since common and proper nouns can appear in any position, we leave Case unrestricted, i.e. set the value of Case to be the anonymous variable (_) for those NPs

12. Case Constraint We need to add lexical entries for pronouns to report the value of Person, Number and Case http://uptodate-amef.blogspot.com/2011/09/personal-pronouns.html Values: nom Nominative acc Accusative Values: nom Nominative acc Accusative

13. Case Constraint NPs are inserted as subject and object of clauses (also objects of prepositions) Values: nom Nominative acc Accusative Values: nom Nominative acc Accusative Values: nom NominativeSubject positions acc AccusativeObject positions Values: nom NominativeSubject positions acc AccusativeObject positions nom

14. Case Constraint NPs are inserted as subject and object of clauses (also objects of prepositions) Values: nom NominativeSubject positions acc AccusativeObject positions Values: nom NominativeSubject positions acc AccusativeObject positions acc

15. PP by-Phrase Example: – The sandwich had been eaten by me/him/*I/*he – Parse? Only one by-phrase (agent) is allowed It attaches to the vbn (-en) verb following passive be in the Stanford Parser Only one by-phrase (agent) is allowed It attaches to the vbn (-en) verb following passive be in the Stanford Parser acc

16. PP by-Phrase Modify the vp_passive rule associated with passive be: Desired output: