1. 1 Summary of Circuits Theory

2. 2 Voltage and Current Sources Ideal Voltage Source It provides an output voltage v s which is independent of the current delivered

3. 3 Voltage and Current Sources Ideal Current Source It provides a current i s which is independent of the voltage between the two terminals of the current source

4. 4 Voltage and Current Sources Real Voltage Source and Real Current Source In “real” sources there is always some energy loss (heat)

5. 5 Voltage and Current Sources Controlled (or dependent) source It is a source whose voltage or current is a function of the voltage or current elsewhere in the circuit

6. 6 Linearity’s Principle Linearity = Scaling + Superposition

7. 7 Linear Components Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor, and Transformer

8. 8 Linear Components Transformer

9. 9 Ohm Law The voltage across a conductor is proportional to the current flowing through it

10. 10 Kirchoff Current Law (KCL) The sum of all currents leaving a node must be zero at any instant in time. A node is a point where two or more circuit components meet.

11. 11 Kirchoff Voltage Law (KVL) The sum of all voltages around a loop must be zero at all times. A closed path is called a loop or a mesh.

12. 12 Network Theorems Superposition The response of a linear network containing several independent sources is found by considering each generator separately and then adding the individual responses

13. 13 Network Theorems Thevenin Any linear network may, with respect to a pair of terminals, be replaced by a voltage generator V TH (equal to the open circuit voltage) in series with the resistance R TH seen between these terminals. To find R TH all independent voltage sources are short circuited and all independent current sources are open circuited.

14. 14 Network Theorems Thevenin

15. 15 Network Theorems Norton Any linear network may, with respect to a pair of terminals, be replaced by a current generator I N (equal to the short circuit current) in parallel with the resistance R N seen between these terminals. To find R N all independent voltage sources are short circuited and all independent current sources are open circuited.

16. 16 Network Theorems Norton

17. 17 Network Theorems Miller

18. 18 Network Theorems Miller

19. 19 Network Theorems Miller