1. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Software: Systems and Application Software Chapter 4

2. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Principles and Learning Objectives When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future needs for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operating system must be consistent with your choice of hardware. –Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software. –Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of several popular operating systems.

3. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Principles and Learning Objectives Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage. –Discuss how applications software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives. –Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software and discuss the pros and cons of each.

4. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Principles and Learning Objectives Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff. –Outline the evolution of programming languages. The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life. –Differentiate among the five generations of programming languages.

5. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition An Overview of Software Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer Documentation - describes program functions Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs Applications software - helps users solve particular problems

6. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals

7. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Operating Systems

8. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Operating Systems Perform common hardware functions Provide a user interface Provide hardware independence Manage system memory Manage processing Control access to system resources Manage files

9. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Role of the Operating System

10. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Common Hardware Functions Accept keyboard input Store data on disks Send data to output devices

11. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition User Interface Command-based interfaces Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

12. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Hardware Independence

13. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Memory Management

14. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Processing Tasks Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks

15. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Access to System Resources Protection against unauthorized access Logins and passwords

16. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal Computer Operating Systems

17. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal Computer Operating Systems

18. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Workgroup Operating Systems Netware Windows NT Server 4.0 Windows 2000 Server Unix Red Hat Linux Mac OS X Server

19. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Enterprise Operating Systems IBM’s OS/390 HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with integrated POSIX) IBM’s z/OS Linux

20. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Consumer Appliance Operating Systems Windows CE.NET Mobil Linux Windows XP Embedded Handheld PC Pocket PC Palm OS

21. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Nokia 7650

22. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Utility Programs

23. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Types and Functions of Applications Software

24. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Sources of Software

25. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software

26. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal Application Software

27. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal and Application Software

28. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Personal and Application Software

29. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition TurboTax

30. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Quicken

31. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Word Processing

32. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Spreadsheet Analysis

33. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Database Applications

34. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Graphics Programs

35. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition On-Line Information Systems

36. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Software Suite

37. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Major Components of Leading Software Suites

38. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Workgroup Application Software Groupware Collaborative computing software

39. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Examples of Enterprise Application Software

40. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Enterprise Application Software

41. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors

42. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Programming Languages Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax Different languages have different characteristics

43. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition First-Generation Languages Machine language ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

44. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Second-Generation Languages Assembly languages Assemblers Symbolic language Symbolic addresses allows programmers to represent memory locations, variables and instructions with names. High level of knowledge is required. ADD 12,8

45. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Third-Generation Languages

46. COBOL (common business oriented language) and C are the examples of 3 rd Generation. They are machine independent. The focus is on the solution not on the lower level coding that how the data will be represented. Compilers were involved. public boolean handleEvent (Event evt) { switch (evt.id) { case Event.ACTION_EVENT: { if ("Try me".equald(evt.arg)) { Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

47. Fourth-Generation Languages 4GLs Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not how to get them Examples: SQL, SAS Like database queries involved. More similar to Natural Language.

48. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Fifth-Generation Languages 5GLs Uses a visual or graphical development interface to create source language Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C++. AI’s languages are involved like LISP, Prolog. Understanding speech ability is also involved. EXTRACT ALL CUSTOMERS WHERE "PREVIOUS PURCHASES" TOTAL MORE THAN $1000

49. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Object-Oriented Programming Languages Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data Encapsulation - group items into an object Polymorphism - one procedure can work with multiple objects (+ for addition and concatenation). Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets attributes of that class

50. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Object-Oriented Programming Languages

51. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Software Issues & Trends Software bugs Open source software Software licensing Software upgrades Global software support Antitrust issues for software

52. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition How to Deal with Software Bugs

53. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Summary Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity