1. Adding Up Social Capital and Estimating Participation Frank Clearfield, Social Sciences Team Leader East NTSC, Greensboro, NC November 29, 2006

2. Outline 1) Adding up social capital 2) Estimating participation

3. 1. Adding Up Social Capital

4. Definitions of Different Types of Capital Financial - savings, bond ratings, investments like factories, schools, roads, housing, etc. Financial - savings, bond ratings, investments like factories, schools, roads, housing, etc. Cultural -values, norms, standards Cultural -values, norms, standards Human - skills, talent and education of people Human - skills, talent and education of people Social - networks, bonds of trust between people in communities Social - networks, bonds of trust between people in communities Natural - landscape, air, water, soil, plants, animals Natural - landscape, air, water, soil, plants, animals Political - ability of individual/group to influence resource distribution Political - ability of individual/group to influence resource distribution

5. Community Trends

6. Changes in Social Capital Political Political Civic Civic Religious Religious Workplace Workplace Social Social Volunteering Volunteering

7. Voting Turnout

8. Political Participation Number of paid staff per million in org.

9. Civic Trends Activity Served on a committee for some local organization Served on a committee for some local organization attended a public meeting on town or school affairs attended a public meeting on town or school affairs Relative change 1973-74 to 1993-94 -39%-35% Source: Roper Social and Political Trends surveys, 1973-1994

10. Civic Club Meetings

11. PTA membership (% of families with children under 18)

12. Church Membership & Attendance members

13. Participation in Work Average membership in 8 national professional associations showed increases from the 1930’s to the 1960’s, followed by decreases to the present Average membership in 8 national professional associations showed increases from the 1930’s to the 1960’s, followed by decreases to the present

14. Labor Union Trends

15. Social Visits

16. Volunteering & Participation in Community Projects

19.  Technical Note: Adding Up Social Capital: An Investment in Communities  Tool: http://www.ssi.nrcs.usda.gov/

22. Building Social Capital Identify & Recruit Community Leaders Identify & Recruit Community Leaders Develop Partnerships Develop Partnerships Establish Networks Establish Networks Be Inclusive Be Inclusive Understand Small Group Behavior & Community Power Understand Small Group Behavior & Community Power

23. 2. Estimating Participation

24. Categories of Participation Personal characteristics Personal characteristics Farm characteristics Farm characteristics Characteristics of conservation practices Characteristics of conservation practices Social capital Social capital Community context Community context

25. Define terms Define terms Innovation Innovation Adoption Adoption Diffusion Diffusion Identify stages of adoption Identify stages of adoption Examine characteristics of the diffusion process Examine characteristics of the diffusion process Adoption – Diffusion Model

26. Innovation: An idea, practice or product that is perceived as new by the individual or group.

27. Adoption: The behavior of an individual or group in deciding whether or not to accept new ideas, practices or products. The behavior of an individual or group in deciding whether or not to accept new ideas, practices or products.

28. Diffusion : The process by which the adoption of a new idea, practice, or product spreads throughout a group, community or society.

29. Awareness Awareness Interest Interest Evaluation Evaluation Trial Trial Adoption Adoption Adaptation Adaptation Stages of Adoption

30. Stages in the Adoption Process

31. Personal Personal Farm Structure Farm Structure Practice Practice Community Community Characteristics

32. High income High income High education High education Greater use of media Greater use of media Personal Characteristics (cont.)

33. Willingness to take risk Willingness to take risk High number of Agency contacts High number of Agency contacts Full-time operator Full-time operator Intend to pass operation on to children Intend to pass operation on to children Personal Characteristics (cont.)

34. Large Scale Operations Large Scale Operations High Gross Sales High Gross Sales Owner-Operated Owner-Operated Farm Structure Characteristics

35. Cost Cost Economic Economic Returns Complexity Complexity Visibility Visibility Divisibility Divisibility Compatibility Compatibility Flexibility Flexibility Practice Characteristics

36. Participation in community organizations Participation in community organizations Civic, Religious, Agricultural, Political, etc. Civic, Religious, Agricultural, Political, etc. Effectiveness of local organizations including Cons. District; Federal, & local agencies Effectiveness of local organizations including Cons. District; Federal, & local agencies Strong local leadership Strong local leadership Community Characteristics

37. Network effectiveness Network effectiveness Volunteers Volunteers Availability of technical assistance and educational information (e.g., demonstrations) Availability of technical assistance and educational information (e.g., demonstrations) Community Characteristics (cont.)

38. Rogers & Shoemaker, 1971 Diffusion of Innovations

39. Case Study

40. Guide to Estimating Participation Evaluates needs in the following areas: Financial Assistance Financial Assistance Educational Assistance Educational Assistance Technical Assistance Technical Assistance Timing of Adoption Timing of Adoption Management estimator Management estimator

41. Web Site Go to the Social Sciences Team’s web site Go to the Social Sciences Team’s web site http://www.ssi.nrcs.usda.gov/ Click on interactive tools Click on interactive tools Execute procedure that estimates social capital Execute procedure that estimates social capital Execute procedure that estimates participation or download excel spreadsheet Execute procedure that estimates participation or download excel spreadsheet

42. Thanks for your attention!