1. -BY KUSHAL KUNIGAL UNDER GUIDANCE OF DR. K.R.RAO. SPRING 2011, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON FPGA Implementation of H.264 Video Encoder

2. Proposal This project is based on the implementation of H.264 video encoder and the algorithms for evaluating the Transform and quantization suitable for high speed implementation on FPGA/ASIC.

3. Overview Overview: To achieve a real-time H.264 encoding solution, multiple FPGAs and programmable DSPs are often used[3]. The computational complexity alone does not determine if a functional module should be mapped to hardware or remain in software.

4. Architectural issues Fig 1: H.264 encoder block diagram [2].

5. Data Locality: In a synchronous design, the ability to access memory in a particular order and granularity while minimizing the number of clock cycles due to latency, bus contention, alignment, DMA transfer rate and the types of memory used is very important. The data locality issue (Figure 1) is primarily dictated by the physical interfaces between the data unit and the arithmetic unit (or the processing engine) [2]. Architectural issues

6. Computational Complexity: Programmable DSPs are bounded in computational complexity, as measured by the clock rate of the processor. Signal processing algorithms implemented in the FPGA fabric are typically computationally-intensive. By mapping these modules onto the FPGA fabric, the host processor or the programmable DSP has the extra cycles for other algorithms. Furthermore, FPGAs can have multiple clock domains in the fabric, so selective hardware blocks can have separate clock speeds based on their computational requirements [2].

7. Modules in H.264 video encoder Fig 2: Modules in H.264 video encoder [3].

8. Prediction modes in H.264 standard

11. Concept By understanding the ideas and importance behind video compression, it is possible to use the idea and implement an efficient and high performance encoder, such that it consumes less power and take less clock cycles to encode an image frame. The implementation is considered a lite version of the H.264 encoder, similar to the MPEG-4 digital video codec which is known to achieving high data compression. The same building blocks implemented in the H.264 encoder will be used in this simple version with exceptions of a few optimizing modifications.

12. Future work Future work: Going forward, the motion estimation algorithm will be analyzed from the hardware perspective along with the other modules of the encoder.

13. Websites and References [1] T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjøntegaard, and A. Luthra “Overview of the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard”, IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology vol. 13, no. 7, pp.560–576, July 2003. [2]Data locality description: http://www.eetimes.com/design/embedded/4007043/How-to-map-the-H- 264-AVC-video-standard-onto-an-FPGA-fabric. http://www.eetimes.com/design/embedded/4007043/How-to-map-the-H- 264-AVC-video-standard-onto-an-FPGA-fabric [3] N. Keshaveni, S. Ramachandran, K. S. Gurumurthy “Design and FPGA Implementation of Integer Transform and Quantization Processor and Their Inverses for H.264 Video Encoder”, Advances in Computing, Control, & Telecommunication Technologies, 2009. ACT 2009. International Conference on, pp. 646-649, July 2009Keshaveni,GurumurthyAdvances in Computing, Control, & Telecommunication Technologies, 2009. ACT 2009. International Conference on [4] I. Richardson, “The H.264 advanced video compression standard”, Wiley, 2nd edition, 2010.

14. [5] DSP-Enabled efficient motion estimation for Mobile MPEG-4 video encoding- http://www.techonline.com/community/21066.http://www.techonline.com/community/21066 [6] T. Wiegand, Gary J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaard, and A. Luthra, "Overview of the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 560-576, July 2003. [7] T. Wedi, H. G. Musmann, "Motion- and aliasing-compensated prediction for hybrid video coding," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 577- 586, July 2003. Websites and References

15. Websites and references [8] H. S. Malvar, A. Hallapuro, M. Karczewicz, L. Kerofsky, "Low- complexity transform and quantization in H.264/AVC," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 598- 603, July 2003.