1. ProActive Infrastructure Eric Brewer, David Culler, Anthony Joseph, Randy Katz Computer Science Division U.C. Berkeley ninja.cs.berkeley.edu Active Networks Workshop, July 1998

2. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets2 Imagine You walk into a room You have complete, secure, optimized access to local devices and your private resources Your PDA connects to the local infrastructure and asks it to build a custom GUI Next, your PDA then asks the infrastructure for a path out to your personal information space, where agents are processing your e-mail, v-mail, faxes, and pages

3. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets3 Vision  Goal The next internet revolution will come from enabling component services and pervasive access  Dynamic, programmatic creation / composition of scalable, highly available, & customizable services –Automatic adaptation to end device characteristics and network connectivity Arbitrarily powerful services on arbitrarily small clients using a proactive infrastructure

4. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets4 Starting Point: Transcoding Proxies Scalable Servers Laptops, Desktops Info. Appliances Network Computers Spoon feed web pages to PDAs Transformation, Aggregation, Caching, and Customization (TACC)  Scalability and availability  Limited customizability and locality and no persistence Legacy Servers

5. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets5 ProActive Approach Create a framework that enables programmatic generation and composition of services out of strongly typed reusable components Key Elements –Structured architecture with a careful partitioning of state »Bases, Active Routers, and Units –Wide-area paths formed out of strongly-typed components »Operators and Connectors –Execution environments with efficient, but powerful communication primitives »Active Messages + capsules »TACC + persistence + customization

6. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets6 Bases –highly available –persistent state (safe) –databases, agents –“home” base per user –service programming environment Structured Architecture Active Routers –not packet routers –soft-state –well-connected –localization (any to any) Units –sensors / actuators –PDAs / smartphones / PCs –heterogeneous –Minimal functionality: “Smart Clients” Wide-Area Path

7. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets7 Operators/Connectors Operators: –transformation –aggregation –agents –PI provides secure execution environment Connectors: –abstract wires –ADUs –varying semantics –uni/multicast Interfaces: –strongly typed –language independent –control channel »path changes »authentication »feedback

8. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets8 Wide-Area Paths Creation (explicit or automatic): –Query Service Discovery Service to find logical path of operators –Place operators onto nodes: »Path is unit of resource allocation and authentication –Connectors are polymorphic: entire path must type check - statically Optimization: –Add (or transpose) operators »forward error-correction »compression/decompression –Change operators, connectors, locations, or parameters Interoperability: –Wrapper operators for legacy servers –Leverage COM objects as operators

9. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets9 Service request service threads Operators Caches Persistent Storage Managed RMI++ Physical processor iSpace Execution Environment iSpace provides parallel application framework on Bases –RMI++ hides complexity of scalability and availability –Dynamic customization and composition rSpace is limited execution environment for AR operator upload

10. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets10 Pilot PDA: TopGun Wingman / Mediaboard AR mic camera Base AR PDA Legacy Server PC Un-Zip Image Converter Aggregator Multicast connector MediaBoard PDA Proxy Wingman: Pilot Web browser Mediaboard: Pilot Mbone tool

11. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets11 Campus-wide Testbed (Millennium) Gigabit Ethernet PDAs Cell Phones Future Devices Wireless Infrastructure Desktop PCs Servers Clusters Massive Cluster

12. 7/16/98ARPA Active Nets12 Milestones Year 1 –Architecture definition, Operator/Connector type system, Active Message-based Active Net –Technology: PIM prototype with COTS database, Automatic connection, NOW as Base Year 2 –Wide-Area Paths with intermittent connectivity, Execution environment for Base, AR, Unit –Technology: COM integration, shared link mgmt, multicast connectors, Type hierarchy –Working testbed, PIM prototype Year 3 –Wide-Area Path transformation, operator migration, large-scale agents –FSM-based fast operators, operator fusion –Full testbed, smart-space, PIM release

13. ProActive Infrastructure Eric Brewer, David Culler, Anthony Joseph, Randy Katz Computer Science Division U.C. Berkeley ninja.cs.berkeley.edu Active Networks Workshop, July 1998