1. Unit 8—Chapters 14 - 15 The Civil Rights Movement, JFK, and LBJ CSS 11.10, 11.11

2. Part Four Kennedy and the Cold War 11.9.3, 11.8.5 EQ #4: How did Kennedy respond to the continuing challenges of the Cold War?

3. Flexible Response Defense Sec. McNamara pushed for response to fit situation replaced Ike’s “massive retaliation” US sent military advisors (green berets) to Vietnam 15,000 advisors in Vietnam by the time of JFK’s assassination

4. Flexible Response The Peace Corps, 1961 Americans lived in over 70 underdeveloped countries to share their knowledge education medicine and hygiene agriculture helped change America’s image to the world

5. Flexible Response Alliance for Progress, 1961 $20 billion to stimulate economies of Latin America promoted education and a 2.5% annual increase in GDP JFK feared communism would spread from Cuba dictatorships flourished in South America

6. The Cuban Missile Crisis Fidel Castro led communist revolution in Cuba in 1959 ruler from 1959 - 2008 denounced US as “evil capitalist empire” and took US assets in Cuba ally to Khrushchev (USSR) we still have a trade embargo on Cuba

7. The Cuban Missile Crisis Bay of Pigs, 1961 1,500 anti-Castro fugitives armed and trained by the CIA to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro US did not give direct aid in order to avoid war 114 killed 1,189 captured exiles tried, a few executed US negotiated $53 million in food and medicine for their release further poisoned US-Cuban relations three of JFK’s advisors resigned Castro’s influence was even greater

8. The Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Castro tried to install soviet ABMs in Cuba similar US weapons already were installed in Turkey they could reach Washington DC in under 20 minutes satellite photos showed activity Kennedy ordered naval blockade & demanded removal of weapons Khrushchev sent ships to break through the blockade

9. The Cuban Missile Crisis, con’t the stalemate lasted almost two weeks USSR agreed to remove ABMs from Cuba the US removed theirs from Turkey Khrushchev forced to resign "We are eyeball to eyeball, and the other fellow just blinked.“ —Sec. of State Dean Rusk

10. US-Soviet Relations The Hot Line mutual fear led to better communication a permanent telephone line was built to connect Moscow and D.C. it had taken the US over 12 hours to decode peace overtures from Khrushchev

11. US-Soviet Relations Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963 USSR and US ended atmospheric nuclear testing 2000+ weapons had been tested began a new era of “peaceful co-existence”

12. US-Soviet Relations The Berlin Wall, 1961 built by communists to stop flow of skilled workers from E. Berlin it stood until 1990 Khrushchev demanded the USSR be given all of Berlin JFK increased American troops in Berlin “Ich bin ein berliner.”

13. EQ #4: How did Kennedy respond to the continuing challenges of the Cold War?