1. Mrs. Lambert’s class

2.  Biogeochemical Cycles  Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors  Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs  Food Chains/Webs  Trophic Levels  10% Energy Transfer  Biogeochemical Cycles  Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors  Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs  Food Chains/Webs  Trophic Levels  10% Energy Transfer

3.  The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.

4.  Ecosystems are influenced by a combination of biological and physical factors.  Biotic factors – living factors; the ecological community.  Abiotic factors – non-living factors; rain, sunlight, etc.  Together, the biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives.

5. Section 2: Ecology of Organisms

6. Which is which in the picture?

7. Autotroph vs. Heterotroph This classification system divides organisms by the way take in energy… 1. Autotrophs – organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals 2. Heterotrophs- organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply (ex. Has to eat something else, can’t energy solely from chemicals nor the sun.) THUS, YOU ARE A HETEROTROPH!

8.  Autotrophic organisms are considered to be producers because they produce their own food. Example: Plants.  Heterotrophic organisms consume the plants so they are called consumers. (There are primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers, all named depending how many steps or trophic levels it is away from the producer level.)  Producers (or primary producers) are autotrophic organisms because they produce their own food. Example Plants.

9. 1. Primary consumers= one step away from the producers 2. Secondary consumer= two steps away from the producers 3. Tertiary consumer=three steps away from the producers

10. Section 3: Energy Transfer

11. How do producers make their own energy?  Plants undergo photosynthesis to produce food from sunlight.  Some bacteria and algae produce energy from chemicals through chemosynthesis

12.  Plants use carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce carbohydrates (sugar), oxygen, and water.  6 CO 2 + 12H 2 O  C 6 H 12 0 6 + O 2 + H 2 O  The process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and adds oxygen to the atmosphere.

13. Types of consumers… Can you name them??

14.  Obtain energy by eating only plants. Examples: Sheep, cattle, horses, etc.

15. Obtain energy from eating only animals.

16. Obtain energy from eating both -plants and animals. They eat within more than one trophic level!

17.  Detritivores– obtain energy from dead matter Yum! ex: Earthworms, vultures  Decomposers – obtain energy by breaking down organic matter (“write in”) …and recycle compounds back into the soil and atmosphere.  ex: Bacteria & fungi

18.  Is a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.  Food chains show the one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem.  Example:  algae  zooplankton  small fish  squid  shark  What is the producer in the food chain above?  Algae!

19. ~There were these old bacteria that decomposed an owl! ~Oh, so fowl to decompose an owl. ………but they didn’t die. ~They decomposed the owl who swallowed a snake thank goodness it wasn’t Monty, … for my class’s sake. ~He swallowed the snake who ate the rat. Fancy that to swallow a rat! …but he didn’t die. ~He swallowed the rat who ate the wisteria (flower) …. which grew from the rich soil made by those bacteria! ~So this brings us from the start to the end, just to ago back round again… …There were these old bacteria that decomposed and owl…. (*grin…. I tried. Ha ha. Love: Mrs. L)

20.  Feeding relationships that are more complex than a single chain.  A food web links all the food chains in an ecosystem together.

23.  Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level.  1 st level – producers  2 nd and higher levers – consumers  Each consumer depends on the trophic level below it for energy.

24. Only 10% of the energy in a trophic level is transferred to the next, higher level. This explains why there are fewer organisms as you increase in levels.

25.  A diagram that shows the amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level.  Energy pyramid – only about 10% of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next level.  Biomass pyramid – the amount of living tissue (organic matter) within a given level.