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Hydrogen as an energy carrier: production and utilisation Dr.-Ing. Roland Hamelmann D-23611 Bad Schwartau.

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Presentation on theme: "Hydrogen as an energy carrier: production and utilisation Dr.-Ing. Roland Hamelmann D-23611 Bad Schwartau."— Presentation transcript:

1 Hydrogen as an energy carrier: production and utilisation Dr.-Ing. Roland Hamelmann D-23611 Bad Schwartau

2 ⇨ Dr.-Ing. Roland Hamelmann ⇨ TU Clausthal, chemical engineering (PhD on continous production of gas diffusion electrodes) ⇨ Manufacturing of PEMFC for Proton Motor GmbH ⇨ CoE in hydrogen and fuel cell technology at university of applied sciences, Lübeck ⇨ eff +: start-up since 2010 (energy efficiency and hydrogen technology) Vita

3 1.Intention of hydrogen as an energy carrier 2.(current) Use of hydrogen in chemistry 3.(future) Production of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 4.(future) Utilisation of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 5.Summary Structure

4 Motivation  Storage! 4,73 GW 6,39 GW 5,00 GW 10,47 GW 5,18 GW Fluctuating renewable electricity from wind Data: www.eon-netz.com

5 EU targets 2020

6 Capacity needs

7 Principals Storage...... type... physics... density [kWh/m³] SMESelectrical E = ½*L*I² *η (w) 3...15 Condensatorelectrical E = ½*C*U² *η (w) 0,1... 0,3 Fly Wheelmechanical E = ½*J x *ω² *η (w) 50... 100 Batterychemical E = Q*U Z *η (w) 30... 100 Pumped Hydromechanical E = V*ρ*g*h *η (w) 0,2... 1,2 CAES (Air)mechanical E = V*c v *(T/v) NTP *(r-r 1/κ ) *η (w) 1... 12 Hydrogenchemical E = p*V/(R*T)*H i *η (w) 10... 220

8 Pumped Hydro Source: http://tuuwi.wcms-file2.tu-dresden.de/download/urv/ws0809/hightech/Energiespeicherung.pdf

9 CAES (Air) Source: http://tuuwi.wcms-file2.tu-dresden.de/download/urv/ws0809/hightech/Energiespeicherung.pdf

10 Hydrogen storage pathways Energy Management System Electrolysis H 2 -Storage Electric grid CHP Central Power Plant Comm erce O2O2 H2H2 Chemical use Mobility Feed-in to be prefered!

11 1.Intention of hydrogen as an energy carrier 2.(current) Use of hydrogen in chemistry 3.(future) Production of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 4.(future) Utilisation of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 5.Summary Structure

12 H 2 in chemistry Current situation  production of appr. 600 x 10 9 Nm³ hydrogen per year by  steam reforming of natural gas  partial oxidation of heavy oil feedstocks  coal gasification  byproduct (NaCl-electrolysis, refinery et al.)  alternative technologies < 1%  usage mainly in chemichal industry (metals, glas, semiconductors, MeOH, NH 3, refinery)  excellent knowledge about materials and handling  yet no notable usage in energy supply

13 1.Intention of hydrogen as an energy carrier 2.(current) Use of hydrogen in chemistry 3.(future) Production of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 4.(future) Utilisation of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 5.Summary Structure

14 Principles Conventional feedstocksRenewable feedstocks CH 4 (steam reforming)H 2 (wind & solar fed electrolysis) C n H 2n (partial oxidation)Bio - CH 4 (steam reforming) C 135 H 96 O 9 NS (coal gasification)Bio – CH 4 O (methanol reforming) H 2 (nuclear fed electrolysis)Bio - C 2 H 6 O (ethanol reforming) C 12 H 22 O 11 (wood / BtH)

15 Source: Energietechnik mit Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzellen, Sommerseminar an der FH Lübeck, 26.-28.09.2001 Half cell reactions Cathode (+) ½O 2 + 2H + + 2e - ↔ H 2 OE 0 = 1,23 V Anode (-) H 2 ↔ 2H + + 2e - E 0 = 0,00 V Over all reaction Fuel cell H 2 + ½O 2 → H 2 O E 0 = 1,23 V Electrolysis H 2 + ½O 2 ← H 2 O E 0 = 1,48 V Electrolysis: Basics (1/3)

16 Source: Fraunhofer ISE Electrolysis: Basics (2/3)

17 Source: Energietechnik mit Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzellen, Sommerseminar an der FH Lübeck, 26.-28.09.2001 H 2 + ½O 2 ← H 2 O  Cell voltageU = 1,48 V @ 25 °C, 1 bar  Heating value (H s )E = 3,5 kWh / Nm³ H 2 = 12,6 MJ / Nm³ H 2  Water needV = 0,805 dm³ / Nm³ H 2  Faraday-Constant 1/F = 2,39 kAh / Nm³ H 2  Real cell voltages are higher due to  Ohmic losses (electrolyte, diaphragma)  Wiring losses  Electrochemical over-voltages (cathodic, anodic), caused by mass transport and electrical field phenomena Electrolysis: Basics (3/3)

18 +-e-e- e-e- 4H 2 O + 4e - → 2H 2 + 4OH - 4OH - → O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e - AK OH - H2OH2O Alkaline Electrolysis

19 +-e-e- e-e- 2H 2 O → 4H + + 4e - + O 2 4H + + 4e - → 2H 2 AK H+H+ H2OH2O Acidic Electrolysis

20 Acidic el.Alcaline el. Temperature [°C]80 - 100 Pressure [Mpa]< 30 Power range [kW]1 – 1001 – 125.000 Current density [kA/m ²]< 102 –5 Cell voltage [V]1,7 – 2,1 Spec. Energy consumption [kWh/Nm³ H 2 ] 4,1 – 4,9 Efficiency, based on Hu [%]65 - 7565 – 75 CatalystsK: Pt / A: IrK: Stahl / A: Ni System comparison More details: http://www.now-gmbh.de/presse/now-workshop-wasserelektrolyse.htmlhttp://www.now-gmbh.de/presse/now-workshop-wasserelektrolyse.html

21 Hydrogen storage pathways Energy Management System Electrolysis H 2 -Storage Electric grid CHP Central Power Plant Comm erce O2O2 H2H2 Chemical use Mobility Feed-in to be prefered!

22 Effect Cap (101 GWh = 0,8 %) Electrolysis (1.083 GWh = 8,3 %) Feed-in (11.801 GWh = 90,9 %) Data: www.eon-netz.com

23 Renewable potential Ex. 1: eon control region 2006 1.083 GWh  253 Mio Nm³ H 2  22.500 t H 2 Ex. 2: Vattenfall control region 2006 829 GWh  193 Mio Nm³ H 2  17.200 t H 2 Ex. 3: Offshore-scenario Schleswig-Holstein 2015 (2,24 GW) 357 GWh  83 Mio Nm³ H 2  7.400 t H 2 η Electrolysis = 70 % H u = 3,00 kWh/Nm³ ρ = 0,089 kg/Nm³

24 Saline storage options Saline caverns with net volume V = 300.000... 750.000 m³ are creatable Pressure range depends on depth (p = 60... 180 bar at 1.000 m) Suitability of saline caverns for H 2 -storage is proven (Teesside/UK, Texas/USA) pics: KBB Underground Technologies GmbH

25 1.Intention of hydrogen as an energy carrier 2.(current) Use of hydrogen in chemistry 3.(future) Production of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 4.(future) Utilisation of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 5.Summary Structure

26 Ex. mobile usage Ex. 1: 80.000 Fahrzeuge Ex. 2: 61.100 Fahrzeuge Ex. 3: 26.300 Fahrzeuge GM Chevrolet Equinox @ 20.000 km / Jahr @ 1,4 kg H 2 / 100 km www.h2cars.de Ex. 1: 1923 Fahrzeuge Ex. 2: 1.470 Fahrzeuge Ex. 3: 632 Fahrzeuge MAN ARGEMUC @ 90.000 km / Jahr @ 13 kg H 2 / 100 km www.h2cars.de

27 Ex. stationary usage option micro-CHP Ex. 1: 15.800 x 2 kW Ex. 2: 12.000 x 2 kW Ex. 3: 5.200 x 2 kW @ 6.000 h / Jahr @ η el = 25 % www.otag.de Ex. 1: 265 x 200 kW Ex. 2: 202 x 200 kW Ex. 3: 87 x 200 kW option CHP @ 5.000 h / Jahr @ η el = 35 % www.sokratherm.de Ex. 1: 75,9 MW Ex. 2: 57,9 MW Ex. 3: 24,9 MW option co-firing @ 4.000 h / Jahr @ η el = 40 % www.sps-magazin.de

28 1.Intention of hydrogen as an energy carrier 2.(current) Use of hydrogen in chemistry 3.(future) Production of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 4.(future) Utilisation of hydrogen in the energy supply chain 5.Summary Structure

29 Summary 1.Energy markets tend to be more renewable and more electrical 2.Fluctuations in renewable power generations require large capacities for load leveling 3.Hydrogen technology offers high storage capacities as well as sustainable supply options for mobile and stationary power needs

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