1. Applying the Numbers Chapter 8

2. 5 major trends Geographers find 5 trends when looking at world populations Geographers find 5 trends when looking at world populations

3. 1. Large and Growing Larger World population is growing at a rapid rate World population is growing at a rapid rate Approx. 80 million people are added every 12 months Approx. 80 million people are added every 12 months It is estimated that the world’s population will stabilize at about 11 billion in 2100 It is estimated that the world’s population will stabilize at about 11 billion in 2100

4. 2. Growing population disparity Growing gap between population sizes of MDC’s vs. LDC’s Growing gap between population sizes of MDC’s vs. LDC’s MDC have smaller population, LDC have larger populations MDC have smaller population, LDC have larger populations Eg. 1990 4.1 billion lived in LDC and 1.2 billion in MDC Eg. 1990 4.1 billion lived in LDC and 1.2 billion in MDC 2 factors that contribute to this: 2 factors that contribute to this:

5. a) Rapid improvements in health care and sanitation in LDC which allows people to live longer but keeps birth rates high b) Large differences in age structures of countries (pop. pyramids shapes). MDC = stationary, LDC = expansive

6. 3. Declining growth/ increasing numbers Birth rates are declining all over the world but population is still growing Birth rates are declining all over the world but population is still growing This is because more and more women are entering their child bearing years therefore creating more children This is because more and more women are entering their child bearing years therefore creating more children This is called a demographic momentum This is called a demographic momentum

7. 4. Changing Age Structure % of those over the age of 65 has increased significantly and % of those under the age of 15 has decreased % of those over the age of 65 has increased significantly and % of those under the age of 15 has decreased Mostly found in MDC’s Mostly found in MDC’s Demographers expect this trend to spread to all countries of the world eventually the older population out number the younger Demographers expect this trend to spread to all countries of the world eventually the older population out number the younger

8. 5. Move to the cities Urbanization – movement of people to live in cities Urbanization – movement of people to live in cities See mostly in MDC’s but LDC’s are catching up See mostly in MDC’s but LDC’s are catching up Why would this be a problem?? Why would this be a problem??

9. Population Density and Distribution Population density = average number of people living in a unit of land Population density = average number of people living in a unit of land –Eg. NS pop. Density = 17.3/ squared km Population distribution = describes where these people live Population distribution = describes where these people live –Eg. urban or rural

10. Arithmetic Population Density Number of people in a certain area of land Number of people in a certain area of land Most common is squared km or miles Most common is squared km or miles Divide the total number of people by the total area of the country Divide the total number of people by the total area of the country Eg. Canada = 30 600 000 people / 9 220 970 squared km = 3.3 people / squared km Eg. Canada = 30 600 000 people / 9 220 970 squared km = 3.3 people / squared km Used to compare countries on how crowded they are Used to compare countries on how crowded they are

11. Find the Arithmetic Population density for the following…  Botswana- Population = 1 400 000 Total Area = 566 730 Total Area = 566 730 Italy- Population = 57 700 000 Italy- Population = 57 700 000 Total Area = 294 060 Total Area = 294 060 Mexico – Population = 97 500 000 Mexico – Population = 97 500 000 Total Area = 1 908 690 Total Area = 1 908 690 China – Population = 1 242 500 000 China – Population = 1 242 500 000 Total Area = 9 291 000 Total Area = 9 291 000

12. Arithmetic density can paint a false picture of a country Arithmetic density can paint a false picture of a country Think of Canada, our density = 3.3 which looks like our population is very spread out BUT most Canadians live near the US boarder. The rest of Canada is a lot of uncultivated land Think of Canada, our density = 3.3 which looks like our population is very spread out BUT most Canadians live near the US boarder. The rest of Canada is a lot of uncultivated land

13. Physiologic Population Density Number of people in a country compared to areas of cultivated land Number of people in a country compared to areas of cultivated land Cultivated land = land that is used Cultivated land = land that is used This allows one to calculate population density more accurately This allows one to calculate population density more accurately Physiologic density = pop. / cultivated area (km squared) Physiologic density = pop. / cultivated area (km squared)

14. Example Canada’s population = 30 600 000 Canada’s population = 30 600 000 Canada’s cultivated area = 455 000 Canada’s cultivated area = 455 000 Physiologic density= 30 600 000 455 000 455 000 = 67.3 people / km squared = 67.3 people / km squared

15. Calculate the physiologic population density for the following… Botswana – Cultivated area = 4 200 Botswana – Cultivated area = 4 200 Italy- Cultivated area = 111 430 Italy- Cultivated area = 111 430 Mexico- Cultivated area= 247 300 Mexico- Cultivated area= 247 300 China- Cultivated area = 957 820 China- Cultivated area = 957 820

16. Population Distribution How people have arranged themselves on the land How people have arranged themselves on the land Closely related to the physical geography of land Closely related to the physical geography of land People tend to settle first where they can survive and second where they can prosper People tend to settle first where they can survive and second where they can prosper Eg. living near a food source vs. living farther away with access to transportation routes Eg. living near a food source vs. living farther away with access to transportation routes

17. Pop. Distribution – Economic Development Political heartlands are usually in areas where there is the greatest population concentration Political heartlands are usually in areas where there is the greatest population concentration People attracted to these areas b/c of economic and political opportunities People attracted to these areas b/c of economic and political opportunities

18. Case Study Turn to page 187- 190 in your texts Turn to page 187- 190 in your texts Read the two case studies about Egypt and Bangladesh Read the two case studies about Egypt and Bangladesh Answer questions #3, 5, 6 on page 190 Answer questions #3, 5, 6 on page 190