2. What do you know T/F 1.Columbus landed in North America in 1492. 2.The Spanish were the only people to establish settlements in what is now Texas. 3.Sailing across the Atlantic Ocean was diffi cult in the 1400s because of poor navigation tools. 4.Some Native Americans voluntarily converted to Catholicism. 5.The Aztec successfully defended their city against Cortés and the conquistadores. 6.Explorers from Spain and France were successful in fi nding the seven cities of gold. 7.The English were the main challengers to the Spanish for land in what is now Texas. 8. Native Americans were not happy about settlers moving to the land that is now Texas. 9. Native Americans were successful in destroying Fort St. Louis. 10.Most of the early settlements in the area that is now Texas were started by the Spanish.

3. Guiding Question How did the first Europeans come to the Americas? The Spanish Discover a “New World”

4. The Quest for Empire You will need your spiral, pen and map pencils for this activity. The Quest for The Quest for Empire Empire Map Study: European nations create empires in North America

5. Trace the outline of the map of the western Hemisphere on page___ in your spiral. Place the map along the top edge of your spiral.

6. Trace the map of Europe on page _____ in your spiral. Place the map along the top edge of your page.

7. Print the labels as shown here. Great Britain France Spain Portugal Italy

8. The Spanish Discover a “New World” Main Ideas Europeans wanted to discover new sea trade routes from Europe to India to replace the land routes used in the past. Italian explorer Christopher Columbus was the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean during a voyage that was financed by Spain. Spain sent many other explorers across the Atlantic Ocean to claim new lands and resources for Spain.

9. Print labels as shown here New France (Canada) English Colonies New Spain Present day Brazil

10. The Spanish Discover a “New World” Reading Progress Check Why did Columbus journey across the Atlantic?

11. Henry wanted to find a water route to India. The passage to India over land was long, slow, and dangerous. A ship could carry more goods to and from India than the largest caravans, but Europeans could only guess that sailors could circumnavigate, or go around, Africa. Henry set up a school for sailors to learn the secrets of the ocean. He paid for many sailing expeditions out of the Portuguese treasury. Henry also employed cartographers who created the most sophisticated maps of their time. The maps made it possible for sailors to learn from previous expeditions. Circumnavigate- to sail around the world Cartographers- map makers

12. Portugal

13. Color Portugal orange Portugal Goal: Control sea trade with Africa Circled Africa in 1488

14. Color Italy purple Draw a red line from Italy to Spain Christopher Columbus goes to Spain with plans to sail around the world Italy

15. Columbus was born in 1451, in Corsica and grew up in Genoa He was the oldest of five children. As a child, he helped his father as a weaver. He always liked the sea.. Genoa was an important seaport. There is no doubt that as a child he caught rides on ships. He had little schooling but was a genius with the sea. His plan was not to prove that the world was flat, but it was to find a shortcut to the Spice Islands. He wanted to establish a city there for trade, seaports, and much more. When he grew into a man he was interested in sailing to Asia by going west. First he went to the king of Italy and presented his idea before him. Italy wasn't looking or a way to Asia, they were still receiving riches from their old trade routes.

16. This panel depicts Queen Isabella listening attentively to Columbus's explanation of his map, with King Ferdinand at her side. On April 17, 1492, the agreement to finance the voyage was signed. Beside this panel are figures of Alonzo d’Ojeda, a Spanish adventurer who accompanied Columbus to the New World, and Queen Isabella.

17. Spain: Goals= 3 G’s Gold God Glory Columbus reaches America in 1492

18. Aztec Empire

19. Nina Pinta Santa Maria Cortez sails to Mexico, 1519 Cortez conquers Aztec Empire, 1521 Spain’s Policy: -convert Indians --make them Spanish citizens --obtain wealth and power

21. The King and Queen of Spain rewarded Columbus by granting him a title of nobility and giving him permission to create a coat of arms. Columbus would make a total of four voyages to the New World and was appointed governor of the Spanish colony in Hispanola. His leadership was quite poor and he was replaced.

23. Guiding Question What drove the Spanish to send Coronado to explore parts of what is now the United States? Coronado Explores the Plains

24. Main Ideas Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza heard stories about riches to the north of Mexico, so he organized an expedition to discover whether or not the stories were true. Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led a two-year expedition to search for wealth, but the expedition was unsuccessful. Coronado found the Zuni settlement and was injured in fighting with the group.

25. Coronado Explores the Plains Reading Progress Check Why did Coronado find his expedition disappointing?

26. Both nations were Catholic. Both considered the Pope the final authority. Popes had already decided questions of territorial conflict between them. The pope decided to draw a line of demarcation to separate the two empires. The pope's line ran from the arctic pole to the Antarctic, one-hundred leagues west of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands. Anything to the west of that line belonged to Spain.Anything to the east, belonged to Portugal. The exception was if any other Christian king or power already held lands within those areas by Christmas day, 1493. Disagreements soon arose between Spain and Portugal over who could claim newly discovered lands for their empires. Demarcation- dividing line

27. Draw a purple line on your map as shown here. Line of Demarcation Pope gives all land to the east to Portugal and all land to the west to Spain

28. Guiding Question How did the first Europeans come to Texas? The Beginnings of Colonization

29. Main Ideas Spanish conquistadores built an empire in the Americas. Hern á n Cort é s conquered the Aztec empire and founded Mexico City. Catholic priests and nuns from Spain established missions. Alonso Álvarez de Pineda mapped the Texas coastline. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca began the search for treasures in the Americas.

30. The Beginnings of Colonization Reading Progress Check What did Álvarez de Pineda achieve in 1519?

32. John Cabot NO SHOW

33. Great Britain Goal: Find more resources and wealth Label map and add details as shown Cabot sails to North America in 1497

34. Great Britain’s Policy: - remove all Indians - get resources ( trees)

36. Guiding Question How did Moscoso’s and Oñate’s explorations affect Native Americans living in what is now Texas? Other Spanish Explorations

37. Main Ideas Luis de Moscoso led an expedition into Texas by accident. The explorers brought diseases that killed many Native Americans. Juan de Oñate settled the upper Rio Grande Valley and founded Santa Fe, in what is now New Mexico, in 1609. Oñate also founded settlements in the area that is now El Paso, Texas, in 1581. Other Spanish Explorations

38. Reading Progress Check What impact did Spanish entry into Texas have on Native Americans?

39. Verranzo No Show

40. Label as shown France:: Goals: Obtain wealth, Make trade agreements Verranzano sailed to North America in 1524

41. Cartier No show

43. In 1682, La Salle led an expedition that followed the Mississippi To the Gulf. He claimed all land (including Texas ) for France.

44. Guiding Question How did the French establish a settlement in Texas? La Salle Leads the French into Texas

45. Main Ideas La Salle was the first French explorer to enter the area that is now part of Texas. He explored the Mississippi River delta and claimed it for France. La Salle planned to start a settlement at the mouth of the Mississippi River, but he was not a great navigator. He missed his target by 400 miles and went ashore at Matagorda Bay. La Salle and the colonists built a settlement along Garcitas Creek called Fort St. Louis.

46. La Salle Leads the French into Texas Reading Progress Check List, in order, the main events leading to the establishment of a French settlement in what became Texas.

47. Guiding Question How did the French establish a settlement in Texas? La Salle Leads the French into Texas

48. Main Ideas La Salle was the first French explorer to enter the area that is now part of Texas. He explored the Mississippi River delta and claimed it for France. La Salle planned to start a settlement at the mouth of the Mississippi River, but he was not a great navigator. He missed his target by 400 miles and went ashore at Matagorda Bay. La Salle and the colonists built a settlement along Garcitas Creek called Fort St. Louis.

49. La Salle Leads the French into Texas Reading Progress Check List, in order, the main events leading to the establishment of a French settlement in what became Texas.

50. Label as shown France’s Policy: Establish friendly trade with Indians Trade for wealth (furs) Cartier claimed land for New France in 1534. La Salle claimed more Land in 1682

51. French Troubles Guiding Question What were the effects of La Salle’s stay in Texas?

52. French Troubles Main Ideas La Salle was left with only one ship, La Belle, which was destroyed in a storm in 1686. Many people at Fort St. Louis died from hunger and disease, and many were killed by the Karankawa. La Salle led a group on a journey to a French outpost near the Great Lakes. The men rebelled and killed La Salle in Texas in March 1687. Fort St. Louis was attacked by the Karankawa at the end of 1688, and most of the colonists were killed.

53. French Troubles Reading Progress Check Why did the French establish Fort St. Louis?

54. Effects of European Empires on North America