1. Environmental Illnesses
Sports Medicine I

2. Fluid Replacement Dehydration is primary cause of heat illness
Athletes can loose 5-10 pounds during one practice session
If you wait to drink when you are thirsty, you are already dehydrated

3. Heat Cramps Least serious of heat illnesses
First sign that body is having difficulty
Most common in lower extremities and abdominal cavity

4. Heat Cramps Signs and Symptoms First Aid Procedures Profuse sweating
Involuntary cramping of the muscles
First Aid Procedures
Move to cooler location
Provide fluids
Athlete must stretch and apply ice
Monitor signs of other illnesses

5. Heat Exhaustion More serious condition More difficult to recognize
Usually not life-threatening
Not treated properly. It can become a medical emergency

6. Heat Exhaustion Signs and Symptoms First Aid Procedures
Cool, moist, pale skin
Headache, dizziness
Fast, shallow breathing
Weak, but rapid pulse
Dilate pupils
Nausea/vomiting
Cramps
Weakness
Fainting my occur
First Aid Procedures
Remove from direct sunlight
Remove excessive clothing
Reduce body temp
Cool the body
Drink fluids
Gradually progress to participation

7. Heat Stroke Most serious Life-threatening and a medical emergency!!
Body temp of 104 or higher
Thermoregulatory system fails
Blood diverted to surface of skin
Internal organs shut down
Result in coma or death

8. Heat Stroke Signs and Symptoms First Aid Procedures Mentally confused
Elevated temperature
Headache/dizziness
Absence of sweating
Strong, rapid pulse
Falling BP
Diarrhea/vomiting
May faint
First Aid Procedures
Activate EMS
Remove excessive clothing
Cool athlete quickly
If conscious, give fluids
MUST be cleared by MD to return to competition