1. A Study of the Kinematics of Upper Limb Tasks By Martyn Bates Student Number: 044652854 Mechanical Engineering with Design BEng Project Supervisor: Dr Sian Lawson

2. Introduction & Background 1 in 6 people suffer from arthritis Define a range of ‘Normality’ for Shoulder motion Able-bodied subjects Help to quantify the benefits of Shoulder replacements Investigations into maximum range

3. The Human Shoulder Complex 3 Bones 4 Articulations 30 Muscles Spatial position of the Humerus defined by 3 terms

4. Method 26 Subjects 15 Tasks Crest laboratory VICON motion system and reflective markers JCS – Joint Coordinate System Bodybuilder & Models

5. Results Results from: – 4 tasks – Subjects over 50 years old Over 90% of data was not analysed Range of Glenohumeral Motion: – Flexion: -67˚ to +170˚ – Abduction: -39˚ to +120 – Rotation: -35˚ to +120˚

6. Typical Result

7. Conclusions Does not provide a complete definition of Normal Shoulder motion – Errors – More data required Useful for assessing the range of motion required for certain tasks Further investigations could provide a definitive definition of Normal Motion

8. Thank You For Listening Any Questions?