1. Statistics and Models Ch. 2 Sec. 2

2. Using Statistics ► Statistics = collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers.  Summarize, characterize, analyze, and compare data

3. Georgia Further information People MapStatsGeorgiaUSA Population, 2008 estimate 9,685,744304,059,724 Population estimates base (April 1) 2000 8,186,812281,424,602 Population, percent change, April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 18.3%8.0% Population, change, April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 1,498,93222,635,122 Persons under 5 years old, 2007 737,42220,724,125 Persons under 5 years old, percent, 2007 7.7%6.9% Persons under 18 years old, 2007 2,531,60973,901,733 Persons under 18 years old, percent, 2007 26.5%24.5% Persons 65 years old and over, percent, 2007 9.9%12.6% Persons 65 years old and over, 2007 942,83237,887,958 Female persons, percent, 2007 50.8%50.7%

4. Statistics and Population ► Statistical population = group of similar things that a scientist is interested in learning about Enrollment information for Model High School

5. Average ► Average = mean  Mean = the number obtained by adding the data for a characteristic and dividing this sum by the # of individuals Six students scored 72, 75, 78, 82, 84, and 92 on a test. To calculate the average, add 72 + 75 + 78 + 82 + 84 + 92 and divide the sum (483) by six. The average score would be 80.5.

6. Distribution ► Distribution = relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population  Pattern the bars create

7. Distribution ► Normal Distribution = bell-shaped curve  Group symmetrically around the mean

8. Probability ► Probability= the chance that something will happen Odds of winning an Olympic medal: 662,000 to 1 Odds of injury from shaving: 6,585 to 1 Odds of being struck by lightning: 576,000 to 1

9. Probability ► Sample size = number of objects or events sampled  Must represent population (can’t be too small or too big)

10. Risk ► Risk = the probability of an unwanted outcome

11. Models ► Models = representations of objects or systems 1. Physical 2. Graphical 3. Conceptual 4. Mathematical

12. Physical Models ► 3-D models you can touch and closely resemble what they represent  DNA, Globe, Cell,

13. Graphical Models ► Maps and charts  Position of stars, amount of forest, depth of water

14. Conceptual Models ► Verbal or graphical explanation of how a system works or is organized  Flow chart, diagrams

15. Mathematical Models ► One or more equations that represents the way a system or process works  Lots of variables cube = a 3 rectangular prism = a b c irregular prism = b h cylinder = b h = pi r 2 h pyramid = (1/3) b h cone = (1/3) b h = 1/3 pi r 2 h sphere = (4/3) pi r 3 ellipsoid = (4/3) pi r 1 r 2 r 3