1. MCT Millennium Institutes Evaluation workshop October 8, 2004 MilênioLBA - Land use and land cover in Amazonia: Climatic implications and carbon cycling International assessment and evaluation panel held in Rio de Janeiro October 7- 8 with all 17 Millennium institutes MilênioLBA was very positively evaluated, specially on the scientific production, achievements, role on human resources, strategic scientific knowledge and several other aspects MilênioLBA was extended till June 2005, with the extension of the CNPq scholarship quota (right now with 57 scholarships). Additional financial resources will be granted, but only in “custeio”.

2. - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, (INPA); - Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG); - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisas Agropecuárias (EMBRAPA); - Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPa); - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias do Pará, (FCAP); - Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT) - Instituto Ecológica de Tocantins (ECOLÓGICA); - Universidade de Rondônia (UNIR); - Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA); - Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC) - Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP); - Centro de Previsão do Tempo e Mudanças Climáticas do INPE (INPE/CPTEC); - Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto Astronômico e Geofísico da USP; - Centro de Energia Nuclear Aplicados à Agricultura da USP (CENA/USP); - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN); MilênioLBA: Network of 15 institutes, from 8 states, part of the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), International partnership: Very strong and active partnership: NASA, NOAA, NCAR, MIT, Woods Hole Research Center, US Universities: Harvard, New Hampshire, California, Seattle, Indiana, Stanford, Miami, Cornell, and many others. European side: Max Planck Institute, Hadley Center, Universities: Ghent, Antwerp, Alterra, Lund, Bologna, Paris, Edinburgh, Leeds, East Anglia, Stockholm, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, and many others.

3. Study the climatic impacts of Amazonian land use and land cover change. Measure the net carbon flux in primary, secondary and flooded forests, plus pasture sites in areas with different climate characteristics in Amazonia. Measure the seasonality of carbon fluxes and its climate and environmental drivers in towers located in Caxiuanã, Manaus, Rondônia, Ilha do Bananal and Mato Grosso. Measure the large scale, basin-wide carbon fluxes as CO2 and other species using aircraft and mesoescale meteorological techniques. Study the changes in cloud and precipitation formation mechanisms due to biomass burning emissions and its climatic implications. Measure the flux of volatile organic compounds, carbonaceous aerosols and organic carbon in rainwater and to estimate its contribution to the carbon cycling. Study land use alternatives that could minimize the environmental impact of the Amazonian land use change. Evaluate the impact of land and cover change to the water quality in micro and mesoescale watersheds in Rondônia. Quantify the carbon emissions in biomass burning to support the National Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions. Strength research groups in the Amazon region, with workshops, courses and scientific dissemination in key areas related to environmental changes in Amazonia. Objectives of the MilênioLBA:

4. Scientific achievements: Publication of 5 papers in Science and Nature Andreae, M.O., D. Rosenfeld, P. Artaxo, A. A. Costa, G. P. Frank, K. M. Longo, and M. A. F. Silva-Dias, Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon. Science, 303, 1342-1345, 2004. Claeys, Magda, Bim Graham, Gyorgy Vas, Wu Wang, Reinhilde Vermeylen, Vlada Pashynska, Jan Cafmeyer, Pascal Guyon, Meinrat O. Andreae, Paulo Artaxo, and Willy Maenhaut. Formation of secondary organic aerosols through photo-oxidation of isoprene. Science, 303, 1173 - 1176, 2004. Richey, J. E.; Melack, J. M.; Aufdenkampe, A. K.; Ballester, V. M.; Hess, L. L. Outgasing from Amazonian rivers and wetlands as a large tropical source of atmospheric CO2. Nature, 416: 617-620. 2002. Ozanne, C.M.P., Anhuf, D., Boulter, S.L., Keller, M., Kitching, R.L., Korner, C., Meinzer, F.C., Mitchell, A.W., Nakashizuka, T., Silva Dias, P.L., Stork, N.E., Wright, S.J., Yoshimura, M. : Forest canopy: an essential interface for understanding global terrestrial systems. Science, 301, 2003. Measurement of the Effect of Amazon Smoke on Inhibition of Cloud Formation, Ilan Koren, Yoram J. Kaufman, Lorraine A. Remer,Jose V. Martins, Science 303, 1342-1345, 2004. More than 400 international publications, with 9 “LBA special issues” in the following journals: Journal of Geophysical Research, (34 papers)Ecological Applications, (22 papers) Global Change Biology, (37 papers)Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, (25) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, (15 papers)Theoretical and Applied Climatology, (15 papers) Oecologia (19 papers)Remote Sensing of Environment (28 papers) Acta Amazônica (29 papers) 3 rd LBA Science Conference in Brasilia last July: > 700 participants

5. Year 2003 Indicators for each MilênioLBA subproject Sub project Institution and coordinator Members on the team Articles published in 2003 Papers on congresses in 2003 Thesis defended Scholarships on the project Sub 1 – INPA – Flávio Luizão 121014716 Sub 2 – UFPa – Júlia Cohen 33618420 Sub 3 – MPEG - Ima Vieira 335-4 Sub 4 – MPEG - Lourdes Ruivo 97--7 Sub 5 – Embrapa – Tatiana Sá 2416-5 Sub 6 – ULBRA/IAG-USP H. Rocha D. Resende 4-1-9 Sub 7 – UFAc – Alejandro Duarte 323-4 Sub 8 – UNIR/CENA - Alex Krusche 8814-19 Sub 9 – UFMT – Nicolau Priante 1695-35 Sub 10 – IFUSP – Paulo Artaxo 4234828 Sub 11 – IAG/USP – Maria Assunção Silva Dias 151322-11 Sub 12 – IPEN – Luciana V. Gatti 351716 Sub 13 – INPE – Antonio Manzi 2567-10 Total 15910316014154

6. Final comments: Millennium Institute is the “glue” that binds together dozens of individual research projects. 80% of the MilênioLBA budget went for the Amazonian institutions – Strong decentralization effort. All courses were in Amazonia; Analytical infrastructure improved in most of the Amazonian institutions Large training and education program. Dissemination in Amazonia of key issues such as deforestation and alternatives to biomass burning Key knowledge for the IPCC 4 th Global climate change assessment Critical environmental knowledge to the Kyoto protocol implementation Continuity and long term measurements are critically important for environmental programs such as LBA. Public policy event before the LBA Science Conference with MMA, MCT, Planning ministry, EMBRAPA, ANA, DNPM, NGOs, and dozens of government institutions.

7. New LBA Millennium Institute – 2005-2010 Timing: Call for proposals: around Nov 15; Deadline: Feb 2005, start: June 2005; Budget already approved and in the PPA (no World Bank money, only Brazilian funds ; Ideas for the new MilenioLBA proposal: 1) No institutional sub-project; project organized in major thematic areas. 2) Help from SSC on which thematic areas to prioritize in the project 3) Already collected suggestions: a) Synthesis of environmental factors and processes controlling carbon balance in Amazonia b) Large scale carbon balance in Amazonia (BARCA) c) Hydrology, water chemistry and carbon balance d) Aerosols and clouds influencing the hydrological cycle and radiation balance e) Environmental modeling in Amazonia f) Integrated biomass burning issue including better detection, emissions, transport, deposition and environmental impacts; f) Health impact of biomass burning emissions (new partner: Fiocruz) g) Large training and education program