1. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 1 Free Powerpoint Templates Users and Documents

2. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 2 Contents Server Users and Directories Server Administrators Document Hierarchy Directory Indexing File and Directory Names Transferring Files

3. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 3 Lab 3.1 – Server Users and Directories A server connected to the Internet will be useful to others on the Net only if it provides some services. Common Services –HTTP –SMTP email –telnet –FTP

4. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 4 Document Directories Web server responsibilities –Provide access to HTML documents from the server –Will enable a single directory for publishing Web documents –Any files put in this directory or any subdirectories will be available via a browser- Document Root Directory

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6. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 6 Server Users Generally has accounts for any local users that need to do things on it Are actually people doing work on the server Task is to update and edit Web pages A user account consists of a –Usernames –password

7. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 7 User Directories Once you log into a server with your username and password, you typically start in your home directory Profile scripts/login scripts –Scripts that run when you log in to customize your environment

8. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 8 Lab 3.2 – Server Administrator Duties of System Administrator –Install and configure server OS –Set up daemons/services (UNIX/NT) –Install and configure web server –Keep server software up to date Patches (UNIX) Service packs (NT)

9. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 9 System Administrator Duties Backup and recovery –To disk or tape –Full and incremental backups Accounts and quotas –Maintain users and their accounts –Decide level of resources for users Network software configuration Monitoring security

10. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 10 Servers and Daemons Servers – Web server is a program that, using the client/server model and the World Wide Web's Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ), serves the files that form Web pages to Web users (whose computers contain HTTP clients that forward their requests). Daemons –A daemon is a type of program on Unix-like operating systems that runs unobtrusively in the background, rather than under the direct control of a user, waiting to be activated by the occurrence of a specific event or condition

11. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 11 Patches and Service Packs Another duty of the system administrator is to keep the server software up to date Patches are often released for UNIX systems that fix bugs and security problems and provide other enhancement

12. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 12 Backup and Recovery A good system administrator –Ensure that everything on the serve is being backed up regularly Backups should occur regularly and automatically

13. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 13 Accounts and Quotas The system administrator also needs to maintain user accounts Involves: – in creating accounts for new users – deleting accounts of users that no longer need access –Maintaining the integrity of user accounts

14. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 14 Other System Administrator Responsibilities Installing and upgrading hardware and software Network configuration (changing IP address, etc) Configuration testing Monitoring system security and availability Analyzing log files

15. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 15 Lab 3.3 Document Hierarchy The files and directories on your server are organized in a file system. File system determines: –Where files are stored on a computer’s hard drive –How many letters a filename can contain –The security of files stored on the computer

16. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 16 Some of the common file system FAT/FAT16/FAT32Microsoft File systems NTFSWindows NT file system UFSUNIX file system HFSMacintosh hierarchical file system NFSNetwork file system

17. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 17 File System Attributes Goal – to provide a means to store and retrieve files FAT doesn’t support long filename Used naming convention called 8.3 naming convention –Must be at most 8 characters with an optional 3-character suffix naming convention

18. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 18 Directories and Folders Some OS, such as Windows, support the notion of drive letters –Eg. C:\, UNIX doesn’t support drive letters, it is a strict hierarchy –Eg. Start with /

19. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 19 Directories and Folders Directory –A special file on the file system –Stores other files –Called folders on some OS Subdirectory –A directory within another directory –All directories created under the root directory Root directory –Uppermost folder, used to store all the files on the file system

20. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 20 Path –To a file is a list of all the parent directories above it Pathname –A name representing a path –Typically the directory name separated by slashes (/) or backslashes (\)

21. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 21 Absolute pathname –A description of a file or directory based off the root directory –/usr/local/httpd/htdocs Relative pathname –Is used to reference files based on the current directory –Cd/usr/local/httpd –Cd htdocs

22. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 22 Uniform Resource Locators Describe how to find a web resource http://www.vortexwidgets.com/support/indust rial.html Servername:www.vortexwidgets.com Path: support Filename: industrial.html Use relative URLs in your own web pages –Make it easy to move to another directory

23. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 23 Lab 3.4 Directory Indexing Many times while surfing the Web, you have probably requested a URL without actually specifying a filename By typing in only the name of a site, you are not actually specifying a file to retrieve The server determines what file to retrieve based on directory indexes.

24. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 24 Directory Indexing If no file name in a URL: –Directory browsing enabled If index document, return default document Otherwise return list of files Directory browsing disabled –If index document, return default document –Otherwise return nothing

25. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 25 How web servers view directories Several options are available when choosing how your Web server views directories –No directory browsing permitted –Directory browsing permitted, but no default documents enables –Indexes enabled

26. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 26 Lab 3.5 File and Directory Names Good file names –Make your site easier to maintain –Easier to navigate –Help to develop the site Two of the important things to remember: –Develop a layout for your directories –To create a naming scheme for files

27. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 27 Good Filename Practice Don’t’ use spaces in names –Use underscores (_) or dash (-) instead Don’t use special characters –%#@$?& Keep filenames short but descriptive Use a standard naming convention

28. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 28 Good Filename Practice (2) Use consistent filename extensions –.html,.gif Don’t use extensions with directory names Use lowercase letters in all filenames –UNIX is case sensitive –Windows is (mostly)not case sensitive

29. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 29 Lab 3.6 Transferring Files If you’re lucky enough to be local to your Web server, transferring files may seem like a trivial task Copying files may used either floppy disk, zip drive, Hard drive, etc

30. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 30 File Sharing If your serve is on a local network, you might be able to mount the server’s drives or partitions on your client machines Windows – Microsoft Windows Networking UNIX – Network File System

31. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 31 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Popular method of accessing files on the Internet Provides a standard, error-free way to transfer files to and from different machines on a network Are supported on most OS FTP servers require a username and password for log in

32. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 32 Some FTP Command OPEN hostnameOpen a connection to hostname PUT filenameSend filename from client to server GET filenameSend filename from server to client CD dirnameChange to directory dirname DEL filenameRemove filename from server DIRList the contents of the remote directory LSSame as DIR MKDIR dirnameMake a directory dirname on server MPUTSend multple files from server MGETGet multiple files from server BINSet transfer mode to binary

33. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 33 HTTP PUT HTTP has a PUT method for sending files to a Web Server The PUT method is similar to the more widely used POST method But while POST is used to send data and queries to the server, PUT is used exclusively for sending files.

34. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 34 Frontpage An easy to use HTML editor Best feature is its seamless integration with the Web Server Synchronisation between development PC and web server BUT –Not all ISPs support this type of usage –Works best with Microsoft web server –Proprietary

35. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 35 Frontpage extensions Allowing users to save HTML files their local drives Its real power, however, is when it is used with a server that supports FrontPage Extensions –Are a group of files and CGI programs that are added to the Web server –Allow the FrontPage client to connect to the server and take a snapshot of a Web site. –Allow client to modify Web pages on the server –Provide authentication

36. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 36 -The End-