1. WARM UP 9/24 1. What biomolecule’s building blocks are… a. Nucleotides a. Nucleotides b. Amino acids b. Amino acids c. Saccharides c. Saccharides d. Acids and bases d. Acids and bases e. Fatty acids and glycerol e. Fatty acids and glycerol 2. Name 2 types of bonds. 3. 3 functions of salt.

2. ACIDS AND BASES Have your chart out to add on these biomolecules

3. ACIDS- compound that gives off H+ ions ELEMENTS: Hydrogen + a metal Hydrogen + a metal BUILDING BLOCKS: none FUNCTION: 1. Break down foods 2. Fight against germs

4. BODY: Stomach (HCl) Acetic acid Carbonic acid FOODS: Citrus fruits Milk Alcohol Spicy foods

5. BASES – compound that gives off OH- ions ELEMENTS:OxygenHydrogen plus metal BUILDING BLOCKS: None

6. FUNCTIONS: 1. Protect tissues from acids BODY: Digestive tract (bicarbonate) FOODS: Leafy vegetables Baking soda

7. NOTES Ch 2 9/24 ACIDS AND BASES

8. pH Scale Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

9. Ranges from 0 – 14 0 end acidic 7neutral 14 end basic (alkali)

10. Every step up = 10 times more EX: pH 3 and pH 8 = 5 (10), so pH3 is 50 times more acidic than pH8 or pH8 is 50 times more basic than pH3

11. LITMUS PAPER Used to test pH Will turn color in presence of an acid or base

12. ACID EX: HCl ------- H+ + Cl- BASE EX: NaOH ------ Na+ + OH-

13. ACID + BASE HCl + NaOH ------ NaCl + ? H2O H2O = SALT + WATER = SALT + WATER (H+ and OH- = H2O) (H+ and OH- = H2O) acid base acid base

14. ACID BASE BALANCE Cells VERY sensitive to changes in body pH Blood 7.4 Acidosis < 7.4 Alkinosis > 7.4 Lungs important in balance

15. Decrease breathing Increase CO2 Formation of carbonic acid blood pH acidic blood pH acidic Increase breathing Decrease CO2 blood pH back HOMESTATIS OF ACIDS AND BASES

17. TODAY ACID – BASE LAB Read all directions Do not spill! Do not smell directly! Make sure to clean up, points for it NEED: something to write with, today’s notes