1. AP and AdvP PRACTICE CLASS #4 (#5 2012-03-20/21

2. First, let’s really…

3. …finish off ADVs and As!

5. SYNTACTIC FUNCTION OF ADVERBS (pg. 99) SYNTACTIC FUNCTION OF ADVERBS INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT (PART OF OTHER PHRASES) ADVERBIAL: He speaks slowly. MODIFIER: extremely slow very slowly rather a mess straight through the wall over ten victims COMPLEMENT OF PREPOSITION: over here till then from inside

6. INDEPENDENT ADVERBS = ADVERBIALS ADVERBIALS INTEGRATED into the CLAUSE STRUCTURE Primarily NON-LINKING: Provide speaker’s comment PERIPHERAL in the CLAUSE STRUCTURE Primarily LINKING: connect sentences DISJUNCTSCONJUNCTS ADJUNCTS Naturally, Ross is behaving. I sent Ross a personal invitation. He will therefore be there tomorrow. Ross is behaving naturally.

7. PAGE 108 – exercise 13 (a-k) DISJUNCT Modifier of AdvP/ADJUNCT CONJUNCT Modifier of NP Modifier of PP Modifier of AP ADJUNCT Modifier of AP Modifier of NP

8. PAGE 108 – exercise 13 (l-q) Modifier of PP DISJUNCTModifier of AP Modifier of NP (sich [lovely weather]) or Modifier of AP ([such lovely] weather) ADJUNCT /Modifier of NP Modifier of AP

9. PP PRACTICE CLASS #4 2012-03-20/21

10. Today …

11. WE MEET PPs…

12. PP=Project Plan

13. PP = Parcel Post

14. PP = Privacy Policy

15. PP = Prepositional Phrase

16. THE PP – its form The PP typically consists of a prepositional head followed by an NP as its complement: PP=P+NP e.g. [ PP in [ NP a village] ]  however, the complement of the preposition is not always an NP, the prepositional complements can also be a FINITE WH-CLAUSE, NON-FINITE -ING CLAUSE or an ADVERB: PP=P+Clause e.g. [ PP from [ Clause what you wrote] ] PP=P+Clause e.g. [ PP at [ Clause reading her novel] ] PP=P+Adv e.g. [ PP for [ Adv ever] ]

17. THE PP – its function FUNCTIONS OF THE PP INDEPENDENT i.e. it’s a sentence element DEPENDENT / PARTS OF OTHER PHRASES PARTICLES OF PHRASAL VERBS

18. THE PP – its function: independent PP has an independent function in the sentence ADVERBIALCs / Co SUBJECT (rarely) ADJUNCT: He lives in a village. CONJUNCT: In a nutshell, she’s OK. DISJUNCT: To my surprise, she’s OK. Cs (subject complement): The play is by Webster. The fence is of wood. Co (object complement): I consider them at great risk. SUBJECT: In love is how I want to feel. In my house is where I want to be.

19. THE PP – its function: dependent PP is a part of another phrase PART OF NPPART OF AP [ the girl with the funny red hat ] [ the man in the raincoat ] [ the book on the table ] [ grateful for your help] [ suitable for the job ] [ complex beyond our expectations] They can also be parts of AdvP: He drives faster [PP than John].

20. page 117 – exercise 1 (a-d) P + Cl (ing) P + NP P + Cl (wh)

21. page 117 – exercise 1 (e-h) P + NP P + Cl (ing) P + NP

22. page 117 – exercise 1 (i-l) P + Cl (ing) P + NP P + Cl (wh) P + NP

23. page 117 – exercise 1 (m-p) P + Cl (ing) P + NP P + Adv

24. page 117 – exercise 2 (a-d) P + NP, Co (object complement) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, disjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, postmodification in NP (NP=Det+N+PP)

25. page 117 – exercise 2 (e-h) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + Coordinated NP, adverbial, disjunct P + Adv, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, Cs (subject complement)

26. page 117 – exercise 2 (i-l) P + NP, Cs (subject complement) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct OR postmodification in NP (NP=Det + N + PP) P + NP, Cs (subject complement)

27. page 118 – exercise 2 (m-q) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct SAME AS: 1 H) P + NP, postmodification in AP (AP= A + PP) P + NP, postmodification in NP (NP= Det + N + PP) P + NP, Co (object complement)

28. page 117 – exercise 1 (a-d) P + Cl (ing), adverbial, adjunctP + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + Cl (wh), adverbial, adjunct

29. page 117 – exercise 1 (e-h) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + NP, postmodification in NP (NP=Det + N + PP) P + Cl (ing), adverbial, adjunct P + NP, postmodification in AP (AP=Adv + A + PP)

30. page 117 – exercise 1 (i-l) P + Cl (ing), adverbial, adjunct P + NP, adverbial, adjunct BUT within the subordinate clause “When you come out of the station” P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + Cl (wh), postmodification in NP (NP=Det+N+PP) P + NP, adverbial, adjunctP + NP, postmodification in NP (NP=Det+N+PP)

31. page 117 – exercise 1 (m-p) P + Cl (ing), postmodification in AP (AP=A + PP) P + Cl (ing), postmodification in NP (NP=Det + N +PP) P + NP, adverbial, adjunct P + Adv, adverbial, adjunct

32. page 119 – exercise 5 (a-e) IN ATONOF OFF/ONAT AGAINST WITH

33. page 119 – exercise 5 (f-i) IN TO BY

34. page 119 – exercise 6 (a-d) PREPADV PREP ADV PREP

35. page 119 – exercise 6 (e-h) ADV PREP ADV

36. page 119 – exercise 6 (i-j) PREPADV PREP CONJUNCTION

37. BUT – parts of speech BUT can be a CONJUNCTION: – It wasn’t the red skirt but the blue one. – By the end of the day we were tired but happy. – I am sorry but I can’t stay any longer. – I had no choice but to sign the contract. BUT can be an ADVERB: – There were a lot of celebrities there: Tom Cruise and Angelina Jolie, to name but two. BUT can be a NOUN: – With so many ifs and buts, it is better to wait. BUT can be a PREPOSITON: – The problem was anything but easy. – Everyone was there but him. – I came last but one in the race. (next to last)

38. BASIC PREPOSITIONAL MEANINGS PREPOSITIONAL MEANINGS SPACE TIME PROCESSCONTINGENCY OTHER MEANINGS

39. SPACE Prepositions denoting spatial relations can be classified into several subgroups on the basis of two criteria:  TYPE OF REFERENCE POINT  STATIC OR DYNAMIC POSITION Type of reference point:

40. TIME

41. PROCESS

42. CONTINGENCY

43. OTHER MEANINGS

44. page 118 – exercise 4 (a-e) TIME: location SPACE: surface, directionSPACE: location, point SPACE: point, direction SPACE: point, direction (destination) SPACE: surface, location SPACE: surface, direction

45. page 118 – exercise 4 (f-j) CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal SPACE: area, direction CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal SPACE: location, point TIME: metaphorical extension of the meaning of space

46. page 118 – exercise 4 (k-o) SPACE: surface, passage SPACE: line, location, relative position SPACE: metaphorical extension of space PROCESS: instrument

47. page 119 – exercise 4 (p-t) CONTINGENCY: cause, reason PROCESS: agent TIME: location PROCESS: manner CONTINGENCY: condition OTHER: respect CONTINGENCY: concession

48. THE END Thank you for your time!